Footprints without Feet: Class 10 English Chapter 5 Hinglish mein

5.1 Padhne se pehle

Socho, tum aaj raat ek goli nigal lo aur kal subah poori tarah invisible (अदृश्य) hokar utho. Bus stop par, class mein ya ghar par koi tumhe dekh nahi pata. Ek ghante tak yeh superpower jaisa lag sakta hai. Tum late hokar bhi school gate se chupchaap andar chale jaate, sun lete ki dost tumhare baare mein kya kehte hain, ya bina ticket ke cricket match mein ghus jaate. Phir problems shuru hoti hain. Logon ke saamne khaana kaise khaoge, auto kaise rokoge, ya family ko kaise yakeen dilaoge ki tum theek unke bagal mein khade ho?

Yeh story ek aise aadmi ki hai jo sach mein aisa kar leta hai. Griffin, ek bahut talented scientist, apne body ko invisible banane ka tareeka dhoondh leta hai. Wells ko chemistry mein utni dilchaspi nahi jitni us aadmi mein hai: jo power use har nazar se bacha leti hai, uske saath woh kya karta hai? Yeh story science fiction (विज्ञान कथा) hai. Yeh ek aisa scientific idea leti hai jo aaj possible nahi hai, aur phir uske effects ko aise follow karti hai jaise woh sach ho. Ise ek thriller ki tarah padho, aur character ke ek test ki tarah bhi.

5.2 Story padhna

Story do halves mein bati hai, aur tumhari textbook har half ko ek Read and Find Out box se mark karti hai. Pehla half kadaake ki sardi mein London mein set hai. Yeh batata hai ki Griffin kaise bina dikhe streets mein bhatakne laga aur wahan kaise survive karta hai. Doosra half Iping, ek shaant English village, mein jaata hai, jahan inn mein ek ajeeb lodger ek ke baad ek uljhan bhare events shuru kar deta hai. Fig. 5.2 uska route dikhata hai.

Ek aur baat jaanna kaam ki hai. Wells ka poora novel Iping se shuru hota hai aur Griffin apna London wala past bahut baad mein batata hai. Textbook ki retelling events ko time order mein rakhti hai, isliye scientist ka secret tumhe pehle hi page par pata chal jaata hai.

5.2.1 Part I: London mein invisible

Wells ek paheli se shuru karte hain. London ke do ladke ek doorstep par nange pairon ke geele, keechad bhare prints dekhte hain, aur aas-paas koi nahi hai. Jab woh dekh rahe hote hain, pichhle print ke bagal mein ek naya print aa jaata hai, phir aur, jaise khaali pairon ki ek jodi chali ja rahi ho. Woh trail ke peeche jaate hain, lekin chalne wale ke talvon ka keechad jaldi khatam ho jaata hai aur trail kho jaati hai.

Tabhi narrator humein secret batata hai. Chalne wala Griffin hai, ek scientist jiske experiments ka goal ek zinda body ko invisible banana tha. Aakhri step tha rare drugs ka ek mixture nigalna, aur woh kaam kar gaya. Ab light uske andar se waise hi guzar jaati hai jaise ek saaf window pane se. Phir bhi woh maans aur haddi ka hi hai: use chhua ja sakta hai, use bhookh lagti hai aur thand bhi lagti hai.

Woh sardi ki street par nange pair kyun hai, yeh uske baare mein bahut kuch batata hai. Griffin ne jis ghar mein woh rehta tha usmein aag laga di, ek landlord se badla lene ke liye jo use nikaalna chahta tha. Sirf uski body invisible thi, kapde nahi, isliye bina dikhe bhaagne ke liye use kapde peeche chhodne pade. Ek hi raat mein uska room, uske paise aur uske saare kapde chale gaye.

Kadaake ki sardi mein London bina kapdon ke rehne ki jagah nahi hai, isliye Griffin garmi dhoondhne nikalta hai. Woh ek bade department store ke andar tab tak chhupa rehta hai jab tak raat ke liye darwaaze band nahi ho jaate. Phir poori jagah uski hai: shelves se garam kapde, restaurant aur food counters se khaana, aur quilts ke dher se bana bistar. Ek problem se woh bach nahi sakta. Kapde pehne to woh phir se dikh jaata hai.

Subah woh zyada der tak so jaata hai. Do assistants jaldi aakar uski taraf aate hain; woh bhaagta hai, aur chase shuru ho jaata hai. Bachne ke liye use abhi pehna hua sab kuch utaarna padta hai, isliye woh theek wahin pahunch jaata hai jahan se shuru kiya tha: bina dikhe, aur January ki thand mein kaanpta hua.

Is baar use kapdon se zyada chahiye: use ek chehra chahiye. Drury Lane, London ke theatre district ka dil, mein aisi shops hain jo plays ke liye costumes deti hain, aur woh bina dikhe ek shop mein ghus jaata hai. Upar woh ek disguise taiyaar karta hai: badi hat, dark glasses, nakli naak, side-whiskers aur sir par lipti bandages. Bahar nikalte waqt woh bina kuch soche owner ko peeche se maarta hai, aur use loot leta hai.

5.2.2 Part II: Iping inn ka ajnabi

Iske baad Griffin countryside ki taraf jaata hai. Iping village mein woh inn mein do rooms leta hai, bheed se door shaanti ki ummeed mein. Use ulta milta hai. Kadaake ki sardi mein ek chhote village mein, bandages mein lipta, dark glasses aur bade whiskers wala guest mahinon mein kisi ki dekhi sabse dilchasp cheez hai. Innkeeper ki wife, Mrs Hall, baatcheet ki ummeed karti hain aur badle mein ek chhota sa bhaashan milta hai: woh shaanti se kaam karne aaya hai, koi rukawat nahi chahta, aur ek accident ki wajah se apna chehra dhak kar rakhta hai.

Do cheezein Mrs Hall ko sabr rakhne deti hain. Unhone man bana liya hai ki unka lodger bas ek eccentric (सनकी) scientist hai, hoshiyaar aur ajeeb, aisa jo logon par jhalla padta hai. Aur usne aane se pehle hi rooms ke paise de diye the. Doosri wajah zyada din nahi chalti: Griffin ke chori ke paise khatam ho jaate hain, aur woh ek cheque ki kahani bana deta hai jo supposedly raaste mein hai.

Pehla ajeeb event clergyman ke ghar par hota hai, suraj nikalne se pehle. Neeche se aati aawaazon se woh aur unki wife jaag jaate hain, aur study ke bahar unhe unki desk par sikkon ki khanak sunaayi deti hai. Woh ek poker lekar andar ghuste hain, chor ko pakadne ke liye taiyaar, aur khaali room paate hain. Har kona, chimney tak, chhaan maarne par bhi koi nahi milta, phir bhi ghar ke paise gayab hain. Hairaan clergyman saara din bas isi ki baat karte hain.

Usi subah thodi der baad Halls ki baari aati hai. Unka guest apne room ki bahut sakhti se hifaazat karta hai, isliye jab unhe uska darwaaza khula aur room shaayad khaali milta hai, to curiosity jeet jaati hai aur woh andar chale jaate hain. Jo dikhta hai uska koi matlab nahi banta: thanda bistar, aur wahi kapde aur bandages jinke bina woh kabhi dikhta nahi, room mein idhar-udhar pade hain. Agar uske kapde yahan hain, to woh kahan hai? Jawab ek sniff ki aawaaz mein aata hai, Mrs Hall ke kaan ke bilkul paas.

Phir furniture unpar palat padta hai. Lodger ki hat udkar unke chehre par aati hai, ek chair dono ki taraf jhapatti hai aur unhe dhakel kar room se bahar kar deti hai, aur darwaaza dhadaam se band hokar lock ho jaata hai. Halls ko yeh jaadu lagta hai. Hum, jo secret jaante hain, Griffin ko chair ghumaate hue imagine kar sakte hain.

Hili hui Mrs Hall tay karti hain ki room mein bhoot hain aur apne lodger ko blame karti hain ki usne unke furniture mein spirits chhod di hain. Apni guzar chuki maa ki chair se hamla hona unhe dhoka jaisa lagta hai. Village mein witchcraft ki baatein hone lagti hain. Lekin jab log clergyman ki khaali desk ke baare mein sunte hain, to unhe ek zyada practical baat bhi dikhti hai: jo guest kehta tha ki uske paas paise nahi, ab uske haath mein cash hai. Chupchaap constable ko khabar bheji jaati hai.

Mrs Hall law ka intezaar nahi karti. Woh seedhe apne guest ke paas jaati hain, jo ab phir se kapde aur bandages mein hai, aur jawab maangti hain. Usne unki chair ke saath kya kiya? Woh band darwaazon se kaise aata-jaata hai? Griffin, jo waise bhi jaldi gussa ho jaata hai, bhadak uthta hai aur unhe dikhane ki baat karta hai ki woh asal mein kya hai. Bandages utarti hain, whiskers, glasses aur aakhir mein naak bhi. Bar ke customers, darr se jam kar, dekhte hain ki kapde khade hain aur collar ke upar kuch nahi hai.

Constable Mr Jaffers ko hairaani hoti hai ki woh ek bina sir wale aadmi ko arrest kar rahe hain, lekin duty to duty hai: magistrate ke warrant mein isi insaan ka naam hai, aur usmein sir ke baare mein kuch nahi likha. Arrest ek aise aadmi ke saath kushti ban jaata hai jo thoda-thoda karke gayab ho raha hai. Griffin jo bhi kapda phaad kar utaarta hai, pakadne ke liye usmein utna hi kam bachta hai, aur jaldi hi Jaffers khaali hawa se jooj rahe hote hain. Jo bhi beech mein aata hai use ek invisible mukka padta hai. Jaffers behosh ho jaate hain. “Hold him!” ki cheekhon ke beech Griffin chhoot kar nikal jaata hai, aur koi nahi bata sakta ki kis taraf.

5.3 Text ke baare mein sochna

Tumhari textbook ke Think about it questions tumse Griffin ko do roles mein judge karne ko kehte hain: doosron ke beech rehne wale insaan ke roop mein, aur ek scientist ke roop mein. Is story par board answers mein marks evidence par milte hain. Jab bhi tum koi quality batao, uska koi kaam point karo.

5.3.1 Ek lawless aadmi

Lawless hone ka matlab hai aise behave karna jaise laws, aur doosron ke rights, tum par laagu hi nahi hote. Griffin pehle page se aakhri page tak is description mein fit baithta hai. Dhyaan do ki story aage badhne ke saath uske offences aur bure hote jaate hain, aur har ek uski apni choice hai. Thand aur bhookh se samajh aata hai ki use kapde aur khaana kyun chahiye tha. Lekin unse aag, shopkeeper par hamla ya chori kiye gaye ghar ke kharche ke paise samajh nahi aate.

Kya usmein taras khaane laayak kuch hai? Thoda sa. Use thand lagti hai, bhookh lagti hai, uska peecha hota hai, aur woh akela hai, kyunki apna secret woh kisi ko nahi bata sakta. Lekin musibat use kabhi rukkar sochne par majboor nahi karti. Har problem ek naye offence se solve hoti hai, isliye story neeche ki taraf ek fisalan dikhati hai, jo Fig. 5.3 mein dikhaya gaya hai. Isiliye use lawless kehna sahi hai.

5.3.2 Scientist ke roop mein Griffin

Ek scientist ke roop mein Griffin sach mein credit ka haqdaar hai. Usne woh saabit karne ki thaani jise sab impossible maante the, aur experiments ki ek lambi series mein laga raha. Usne aakhri step apni hi body par test karne ki himmat dikhayi. Story ki duniya mein usne woh haasil kiya jo kisi aur ne nahi kiya tha.

Lekin science sirf hoshiyaari nahi hai. Griffin kabhi yeh poochta hi nahi dikhta ki uski discovery kis liye hai. Na woh ise share karta hai, na kisi ki madad ke liye use karta hai. Usne plan nahi kiya ki uske baad woh kaise jiyega, kahan khaayega, kahan soyega ya garam kaise rahega, aur story mein kuch nahi batata ki woh is badlaav ko ulat sakta hai. Sabse bura, woh apni discovery ko crime ka tool bana deta hai. Ek achha scientist knowledge ke saath ethics (नैतिकता) bhi jodta hai, yaani yeh samajh ki us knowledge ka use karne mein kya sahi hai aur kya galat. Griffin ke paas pehli cheez bahut hai aur doosri bilkul nahi.

To hum use kaise judge karein? Ek mahaan dimaag, ek kharab scientist aur ek khatarnaak aadmi. Story warning deti hai ki responsibility ke bina knowledge doosron ko nuksaan pahunchaata hai, aur aakhir mein jaanne wale ko bhi. Extract ke end tak Griffin akela hai, law ko uski talaash hai, aur woh ek baar phir thand se jam raha hai.

5.3.3 Iping ke log

Wells Griffin ke aas-paas aam logon ko rakhte hain, aur unke reactions se story mein bahut mazaa aata hai. Inmein se kisi ka bhi chhota character sketch plan karne ke liye is table ka use karo.

Mrs Hall ko dhyaan se dekhna chahiye, kyunki board papers mein aksar unke baare mein poochha jaata hai. Woh sabse pehle ek businesswoman hain: advance mein paise dene wale guest ki bahut si baatein maaf ki ja sakti hain. Woh itni curious hain ki mana kiye gaye room mein chupke se ghus jaati hain, aur itni dari hui ki bhooton ki soch leti hain. Phir bhi jab village phusphusaata hai, tab wahi ajnabi ke paas jaakar seedhe poochti hain ki kya chal raha hai. Unki himmat sach ko saamne le aati hai.

5.3.4 Themes, craft aur title

Theme (विषय-वस्तु) ek bada idea hai jiske baare mein story tumhe sochne par majboor karti hai. Is story mein kai themes hain.

• Science aur responsibility. Koi discovery utni hi achhi hai jitna use use karne wala insaan. Griffin ki power doosron ko nuksaan pahunchaati hai aur use bhi dukhi karti hai.
• Bina rok-tok ki power. Griffin ko koi dekh nahi sakta, isliye koi use rok nahi sakta, aur har baar bach nikalne ke saath woh aur berehem hota jaata hai.
• Crime ka phal nahi milta. Har offence aaj ki problem solve karta hai aur kal ki problem paida karta hai. Woh hamesha thand mein, hamesha bhaagta hua, kabhi shaanti mein nahi.
• Akelapan. Griffin Iping akela rehne aaya tha, lekin uska secret use sabse kaat deta hai. Uska na koi dost hai, na ghar.
• Dikhawa aur sachchai. Log jo dekhte hain usi se judge karte hain: bandages, whiskers, hilti hui chair. Sach saamne hote hue bhi chhupa hai.

Wells ise kaise sunaate hain. Story suspense (कौतूहल) se khulti hai: bina jawab ki paheli, bina pairon ke prints. Kuch hi lines mein narrator humein sab kuch samjha deta hai. Uske baad hum story ke logon se zyada jaante hain, aur is gap ko dramatic irony kehte hain. Isse Iping wale scenes padhne ka andaaz badal jaata hai: clergyman chimney check karte hain, Mrs Hall ek “haunted” chair se bhaagti hain, Jaffers ek aadmi ko “with or without his head” arrest karne ko taiyaar hain. Woh hairaan hain; hum mazaa le rahe hain, aur thoda dare hue bhi hain ki Griffin aage kya karega. Fig. 5.4 gap ko khulte aur band hote dikhata hai.

Title. Footprints without Feet ek paradox hai: kisi aise ke chhode nishan jo dikh nahi sakta. Yeh ek symbol ki tarah bhi kaam karta hai. Griffin apni body chhupa sakta hai, lekin apne kaamon ke nishan nahi: pavement par keechad, khaali desk, achanak aaya cash, behosh pada constable. Ek invisible aadmi bhi evidence chhod jaata hai.

Yeh bhi dhyaan do ki log Griffin ko hamesha sirf un cheezon ke zariye dekhte hain jo uska hissa nahi hain: keechad, chori ke kapde, theatre ka disguise. Fig. 5.5 dikhata hai ki duniya use kitna dekh sakti hai. Jab bhi woh dikh sakta hai, pakda ja sakta hai, aur jab bhi woh nahi dikhta, woh thand mein aur akela hota hai.

5.4 Talk about it: story ke peeche ki science

Talk about it questions story se bahar real science mein le jaate hain, aur Class 10 Science mein light ke baare mein jo padhte ho usse achhe se judte hain. Pehle inhe pairs ya groups mein discuss karo. Neeche ke notes tumhe bahas ke liye facts dete hain.

5.4.1 Ek din ke liye invisible: haan ya na?

Zyadatar log pehle haan kehte hain aur phir apna mann badal lete hain. Nuksaanon ki sabse achhi list khud story hai: Griffin ko thand lagti hai, bhookh lagti hai, woh beghar aur akela hai, aur use sirf disguise mein dekha, ya us par bharosa kiya, ja sakta hai. Faisla karne se pehle dono sides tolo.

5.4.2 Forces aur woh cheezein jo hum dekh nahi sakte

Tumhare aas-paas sirf Griffin hi invisible nahi hai. Tum woh magnetism nahi dekh sakte jo compass needle ko ghumata hai, woh gravity nahi jo aam ko zameen par kheenchti hai, ya woh hawa nahi jo balloon bharti hai. Atoms aur zyadatar microbes naked eye ke liye bahut chhote hain. Hamari aankhein light ka sirf ek patla band hi pakadti hain, isliye ultraviolet, infrared, radio waves aur X-rays bina dikhe guzar jaati hain.

Hum jaante hain ki yeh cheezein real hain, usi wajah se jis wajah se ladke jaante the ki seedhiyon par koi hai: hum unke effects dekhte hain. Iron filings magnet ke aas-paas line mein lag jaati hain, hawa mein pinwheel ghoomta hai, microscope bacteria dikhata hai, aur ultraviolet light special ink ko chamka deti hai. Fig. 5.6 yeh chaar clues dikhata hai.

Agar tum yeh sab dekh paate to? Hawa Wi-Fi aur mobile signals se bhari dikhti, har fridge magnet ke aas-paas field lines ghoomti dikhtin, aur lunch se pehle hi tumhe apne haathon par germs dikh jaate. Doctors aur engineers ko shaayad yeh pasand aata, lekin hum mein se zyadatar ke liye duniya thakaane wali ho jaati. Ek tarah se hamare limited senses ek filter ki tarah kaam karte hain jo rozmarra ki life ko simple rakhta hai.

5.4.3 Transparent, translucent, opaque

Jab light kisi material se milti hai, to teen cheezein ho sakti hain. Woh absorb ho sakti hai, yaani sokh li jaaye aur heat mein badal jaaye. Woh reflect ya scatter ho sakti hai, yaani ek ya kai directions mein takra kar laut jaaye. Ya woh transmit ho sakti hai, yaani aar-paar jaane di jaaye. Jo material light ko rok deta hai, jaise wood ya eent ki deewaar, woh opaque hai. Jo light ko jaane deta hai par use scatter karta hai, jaise frosted glass ya butter paper, woh translucent hai: tumhe roshni dikhti hai par saaf shapes nahi.

Glass aur paani aisa kyun karte hain? Iske do reasons hain. Pehla, glass aur paani ko banane wale particles visible light ki energy absorb nahi karte, isliye light sokhi nahi jaati. Doosra, woh particles barabar faile hote hain, unmein itne bade grains ya gaps nahi hote ki light scatter ho, isliye woh seedhi aage jaati hai. Wood dono tests mein fail hota hai.

Phir bhi tum paani ka glass dekh sakte ho. Hawa se glass ya paani mein jaate waqt light ki speed badalti hai, isliye woh surface par mud jaati hai. Is mudne ko refraction (अपवर्तन) kehte hain. Har surface par thodi light reflect bhi hoti hai, isiliye window mein halke reflections dikhte hain. Koi material light ko kitna modta hai, yeh uske refractive index se naapa jaata hai: hawa ke liye lagbhag 1.0, paani ke liye 1.33 aur glass ke liye lagbhag 1.5. Aas-paas se jitna bada fark, object ko dekhna utna aasaan. Fig. 5.7 chaaron cases ko compare karta hai.

5.4.4 Science ya fiction?

Sach mein invisible hone ke liye body ko ek saath do cheezein chahiye hongi: bilkul bhi light absorb na karna, aur light ko theek utna hi modna jitna hawa modti hai. Asli bodies dono mein fail hoti hain. Blood laal dikhta hai kyunki woh light ke kuch colours absorb karta hai, aur bones aur muscles light ko scatter karte hain. Kuch jeev kareeb pahunchte hain. Kai jellyfish, aur Central aur South America ke jungalon ke glass frogs, kuch had tak aar-paar dikhne wale hote hain, lekin tum unhe phir bhi dekh sakte ho.

Ek gehri problem bhi hai jiska zikr invisibility stories shaayad hi karti hain. Dekhne ke liye tumhari aankhon ko light absorb karni padti hai, kyunki aankh ke peeche ka retina light ko pakad kar hi kaam karta hai. Ek poori tarah transparent aankh saari light ko seedha aar-paar jaane deti. Isliye sach mein invisible insaan andha hoga.

Scientists ne ek alag raasta try kiya hai: object ko saaf banane ki jagah, light ko uske aas-paas se ghuma kar le jaana. 2006 mein United States aur Britain ke scientists ki ek team ne khaas design kiye gaye materials, jinhe metamaterials kehte hain, se ek chhota cloak banaya jo microwaves ko ek object ke aas-paas se mod deta tha. Insaan jitni badi cheez ko har direction se aur aam din ki roshni mein chhupana aaj ki technology se abhi bahut door hai.

To kya story bekaar hai? Bilkul nahi, kyunki science fiction aksar science se aage chalti hai. Apne 1914 ke novel The World Set Free mein khud Wells ne “atomic bombs” imagine kiye the, kisi ke bhi banne se decades pehle. 1945 mein writer Arthur C. Clarke ne suggest kiya ki communication satellites itni oonchai par rakhe jaayein ki woh Earth ke ghoomne ke saath kadam mila kar chalein. Aaj aise satellites poore India mein television aur weather ki tasveerein pahunchaate hain.

5.5 Board exam practice

CBSE papers supplementary reader ko lagbhag 40–50 words ke short answers aur lagbhag 100–120 words ke long answers se test karte hain, aur kuch practice papers extracts ka use karte hain. Answer apni textbook ki story se do, films ya poore novel se nahi. Fig. 5.8 long answer ka ek bharosemand dhaancha dikhata hai.