Chapter ke text par jao
Footprints without FeetCh 8 Bholi

Bholi: Class 10 English Chapter 8 Hinglish mein

Footprints without Feet · Hinglish notes aur practice · Official NCERT chapter PDF ↗

Published · Updated

  • 48 min
  • 20 practice questions
  • 25 MCQs

Is chapter mein aap kya seekhenge

  • 'Bholi' ki kahani ko sahi order mein dobara sunao, Sulekha ke neglected bachpan se lekar shaadi mein uske inkaar tak, aur samjhao ki har hissa uske baare mein kya dikhata hai
  • Samjhao ki teacher ki kindness aur saalon ki schooling Bholi ko kaise badalti hai, aur end mein teacher ko ek artist jaisa kyun lagta hai
  • Bholi, uske parents, Bishamber aur teacher ko describe karo, unki kahi baaton aur kaamon se evidence dekar
  • Kahani ke themes discuss karo: girl child ko nazarandaaz karna, education ki taakat, dowry aur laalach, aur self-respect
  • Bholi aur Sulekha naamon ka significance, stammer aur kahani ke symbols samjhao
  • Beti Bachao Beti Padhao par ek poster design karo aur ladkiyon ke rights aur samaaj ki soch par discuss karo
  • Kahani par extract-based, short aur long board questions ke answers do

NCERT English Class 10, Chapter 8, pp. 47–55 par based original companion text. Yeh NCERT se juda nahi hai aur NCERT ne ise endorse nahi kiya hai.

8.1 Padhne se pehle

Koi aisa nickname socho jo mazaak se shuru hua tha. Jaise gali ke sabse chhote ladke ke liye Chhotu, hamesha kitaab saath rakhne wali ladki ke liye Professor, ya bahut kam bolne wale ladke ke liye Silent. Kuch nicknames pyaar se rakhe jaate hain. Kuch ek pinjra ban jaate hain, kyunki kuch samay baad woh insaan bhi, jiska yeh naam hai, us par yakeen karne lagta hai.

Yeh kahani ek aisi ladki ki hai jo aise hi ek label mein phansi hai. Uski family ne tay kar liya hai ki woh kisi kaam ki nahi, aur gaon bhi unse sehmat hai. Padhte samay teen sawaal dhyaan mein rakho. Use ghar mein kyun peeche dhakela jaata hai? Ek teacher ko uski parwaah kyun hoti hai? Aur kya woh us teacher ko sahi saabit karti hai?

Is kahani wale India mein school jaane wali ladki bilkul aam baat nahi thi. Azaadi ke baad pehle census mein, 1951 mein, das mein se ek se bhi kam aurat padh-likh sakti thi. Gaon mein yeh figure bees mein ek ke kareeb tha. Fig. 8.1 dikhata hai ki tab se mardon aur auraton ke beech ka gap kitni dheere-dheere kam hua hai. Jab Bholi ke gaon mein ladkiyon ka naya school khulta hai, tab in numbers ko yaad rakhna.

3/32011 mein gap chhota tha, 81 ke muqable 65, lekin women ab bhi peeche thin.

Fig. 8.1Census of India se liye gaye literacy rates, poore numbers tak round kiye hue (7 saal aur usse upar ke log; 1951 mein 5 saal aur upar), jaise Ministry of Statistics ne compile kiye hain.

Ek bar chart jismein har census year ke liye bars ka ek joda hai: men saade bars mein, M se marked, aur women striped bars mein, W se marked. Step 1, 1951: men 27 per cent, women 9 per cent. Step 2 mein 1981 judta hai: men 56 per cent, women 30 per cent. Step 3 mein 2011 judta hai: men 81 per cent, women 65 per cent. Women wala bar hamesha chhota hai, lekin 2011 tak gap ghat kar lagbhag 16 points reh jaata hai.

Padhne se pehle
3 mein se 1
1951 mein India mein har sau mein se lagbhag kitni women padh-likh sakti thin?
Answer dekho

Answer (A) lagbhag 9

1951 mein 100 mein se sirf lagbhag 9 women literate thin. 27 ka figure usi saal men ka hai, aur 65 women ka 2011 wala figure hai.

8.2 Kahani padhna

Kahani kai saalon mein phaili hai, Bholi ke bachpan se lekar uski shaadi ke din tak. Tumhari textbook ise teen parts mein baanti hai, har part Read and Find Out questions se shuru hota hai, aur neeche ke notes bhi inhi parts ke hisaab se chalte hain. Fig. 8.2 dikhata hai ki tension saalon tak dheere-dheere badhta hai aur phir ek hi pal mein phat padta hai, jise climax kehte hain. Har part pehle apni textbook mein padho, phir in notes se apni samajh check karo.

5/5Resolution: woh padhana aur apne parents ki dekhbhaal karna chunti hai.

Fig. 8.2Plot saalon tak dheere-dheere upar chadhta hai aur shaadi mein ek hi pal mein apne peak par pahunchta hai.

Pahaad ke shape ka ek line graph, jiske neeche kahani ke teen parts marked hain. Step 1: left mein ek akela point, Part I mein, ek neglected bachchi ka. Step 2: line upar uthkar uske school ke pehle din tak jaati hai, Part II mein. Step 3: woh aur upar chadhkar shaadi ke proposal tak pahunchti hai, Part III ki shuruaat mein. Step 4: woh apne peak par pahunchti hai, jise ek bade dot se dikhaya gaya hai, climax par jab maala aag mein jaati hai. Step 5: right mein line neeche girkar nayi zindagi ke point tak aati hai, yaani resolution.

8.2.1 Part I: Ghar par ek bojh

Pehle Read and Find Out questions poochhte hain ki Bholi ke pita ko kis baat ki chinta hai. Woh yeh bhi poochhte hain ki ladki school kyun pahunchti hai, aur iski wajah ka padhai se bahut kam lena-dena hai.

Bholi Ramlal ke saat bachchon mein sabse chhoti hai, aur akeli aisi jis par log taras khaate hain. Badkismati jaldi aur baar-baar aayi. Bachpan mein woh khaat se gir gayi, shayad uske dimaag ko chot lagi, aur woh seekhne mein dheemi rahi. Do saal ki umar mein smallpox ne uske poore shareer par gehre daag chhod diye, jo janm ke samay sundar tha. Paanch saal ki umar mein jaakar woh bolna shuru kar paayi, aur woh bhi atak-atak kar, stammer ke saath; doosre bachchon ke chidhaane ne use sikha diya ki chup rehna hi safe hai. Jald hi koi uska asli naam, Sulekha, nahi leta tha. Poore gaon ke liye woh Bholi thi, yaani buddhu.

Uska pita gaon ka numberdar aur ek khaata-peeta kisaan hai, aur uska ghar saaf dikhata hai ki kisko kya milta hai. Teeno bete padhne ke liye shehar gaye hain, pehle school aur phir college. Betiyon ki shaadi baari-baari se ho rahi hai: sabse badi ki shaadi ho chuki hai, doosri ki shaadi tay ho gayi hai, aur agli baari teesri ki hai. Sundar aur swasth hone ki wajah se unka rishta aasaani se ho jaata hai. Bholi, jo dikhne mein saadhaaran hai aur jise kam akal samjha jaata hai, akeli aisi beti hai jiski shaadi kaise karaayein, yeh Ramlal ko samajh nahi aata, aur yahi uski chinta hai (Fig. 8.3).

4/4Sabse chhoti ke liye kisi rishte ki umeed nahi, isliye woh family ki chinta ban jaati hai.

Fig. 8.3Beton ko padhne bheja jaata hai; betiyon ki shaadi ki line lagi hai. Bholi kisi bhi plan mein fit nahi hoti.

Ek family chart. Upar Ramlal aur uski patni hain, jinse lines neeche do boxes tak jaati hain: teen bete aur chaar betiyan. Step 1 mein sirf yahi dikhte hain. Step 2: beton se ek arrow shehar ke schools aur phir college tak jaata hai, saath mein note hai: Bete: padhai. Step 3: betiyan teen boxes mein khulti hain, Radha ki shaadi ho chuki, Mangla ka rishta tay, aur Champa agle number par, saath mein note: Betiyan: shaadi. Step 4: chautha box, Bholi, dashed outline ke saath bana hai, aur uspar likha hai: chinta.

Jab Bholi saat saal ki hoti hai, to gaon mein ladkiyon ka ek primary school khulta hai. Tehsildar, jo ek senior revenue officer hai, use kholne aata hai. Woh Ramlal se saaf kehta hai ki gaon mein sarkaar ke aadmi ko apni betiyon ko school bhejkar misaal kaayam karni chahiye. Ramlal ki patni ghabra jaati hai: uske hisaab se padhi-likhi ladki ko kabhi pati nahi milega. Ramlal officer ko mana karne ki himmat nahi karta, isliye dono koi raasta dhoondhte hain. Woh Bholi ko bhejenge, jis beti se woh pehle hi umeed chhod chuke hain. Uski maa ka tark bada bedard hai. Ladki ki shaadi waise bhi shayad hi hogi, to kyun na school hi uska bojh sambhaale.

Part I check
4 mein se 1
Inmein se Bholi ko lekar Ramlal ki chinta ki asli wajah kya hai?
Answer dekho

Answer (D) Use samajh nahi aata ki uski shaadi kabhi kaise hogi.

Ramlal apni betiyon ki shaadiyan tay karne mein laga hai, aur saadhaaran, dheemi Bholi ke liye pati milna mushkil lagta hai. Uska smallpox kab ka theek ho chuka tha; sirf uske daag bache the.

8.2.2 Part II: Ek pehla din jo sab kuch badal deta hai

Read and Find Out questions ka doosra set is baare mein hai ki school ka pehla din Bholi ko kaisa lagta hai, aur uski teacher uski family se kaise alag hai. Padhte samay uski feelings ka utaar-chadhaav dekho (Fig. 8.4).

Jab Ramlal uska haath pakadkar kehta hai ki woh use school le ja raha hai, to Bholi cheekhti hai aur haath chhuda leti hai. School shabd ka uske liye koi matlab nahi, lekin kahin le jaaya jaana zaroor matlab rakhta hai: kuch hi din pehle family ki boodhi gaay, Lakshmi, ko le jaakar kisi aur ko bech diya gaya tha. Phir kuch ajeeb hota hai. Pehli baar use nehlaaya jaata hai, uske uljhe baalon mein tel lagaaya jaata hai, aur use ek saaf frock pehnaayi jaati hai, jo uski behen Champa ki utri hui, sikudi hui frock hai. Ramlal ki wajah uska apna ghamand hai, kyunki woh nahi chahta ki school uski family ke baare mein bura soche. Lekin Bholi ke liye yeh anokhi dekhbhaal pehla ishaara hai ki woh jahan bhi ja rahi hai, woh jagah shayad ghar se zyada meharbaan ho.

School mein darr dheere-dheere dilchaspi mein badal jaata hai. Kamra lagbhag uski umar ki ladkiyon se bhara hai, aur Bholi himmat karke umeed karti hai ki shayad koi dost ban jaaye. Lesson to dhundhla sa hai, lekin deewar par lage rangeen jaanvaron ke pictures nahi: har ek uske apne gaon ke kisi jaanvar se milta hai, aur ek gaay to Lakshmi ki judwaa lag sakti hai. Phir teacher uska naam poochhti hai. Bholi uski pehli awaaz se aage nahi badh paati, aur aansu aa jaate hain. Use yakeen hai ki poori class us par hans rahi hai, isliye woh sir jhukaaye rehti hai, aur jab bell bajne par kamra khaali ho jaata hai, tab bhi woh apne kone mein sisak rahi hoti hai.

Ab uske saath akeli, teacher uska naam itne pyaar se leti hai ki Bholi, jisne apna naam hamesha daant ke saath hi suna hai, bahut bhaavuk ho jaati hai. Us awaaz mein khade hone ko kehna bhi dostana lagta hai. Bholi ko us par itna bharosa ho jaata hai ki woh apne stammer ke saath phir koshish karti hai. Uska naam tukdon mein nikalta hai, aur teacher har tukde par uska hausla badhaati hai jab tak poora shabd nahi aa jaata. Teacher samjhaati hai ki darr hi uski zubaan baandh deta hai; darr chhod do aur shabd aa jaayenge. Jab use sir hilaane ke bajaay zor se jawaab dene ko kaha jaata hai, to Bholi kaanpti awaaz mein yes bhi bol deti hai. Phir aati hai ek picture book, aur uske saath ek vaada: kadam-dar-kadam seekhna ek din Bholi ko aisa insaan banaayega jiski baat gaon sunega, na ki us par hansega. Woh dil mein nayi umeed lekar ghar lautti hai.

7/7Ek picture book aur ek vaada: woh seekhegi, aur koi nahi hansega.

Fig. 8.4Ek din, kai utaar-chadhaav: ghar jaate-jaate umeed jeet jaati hai.

Ek aadhe gol ka dial, left half par darr aur right half par aas (umeed), aur ek needle jo har step par hilti hai, neeche ghatna likhi hai. Step 1: Lakshmi gaay bik gayi, needle gehre darr mein. Step 2: saaf dress aur nahaana, needle beech ki taraf badhti hai. Step 3: kai hum-umar ladkiyan, needle beech se thoda aage aas mein. Step 4: woh atakti hai aur ladkiyan hansti hain, needle waapas gehre darr mein. Step 5: narm awaaz mein uska naam, needle phir aas mein. Step 6: woh yes bol paati hai, needle aur aage aas mein. Step 7: ek kitaab aur ek vaada, needle lagbhag aas ke aakhri sire par.

Part II check
4 mein se 1
Jab uska pita uska haath pakadta hai, to Bholi kyun cheekhti hai?
Answer dekho

Answer (B) Use darr hai ki use bhi bech di gayi gaay ki tarah kahin bhej diya jaayega.

Boodhi gaay ko haal hi mein le jaakar bech diya gaya tha, isliye Bholi ko darr hai ki usse bhi chhutkaara paaya ja raha hai. Teacher ke baare mein to use abhi kuch pata hi nahi.

8.2.3 Part III: Woh shaadi jo kabhi hui hi nahi

Aakhri Read and Find Out questions poochhte hain ki uske parents Bishamber ka rishta kyun maan lete hain, aur shaadi kyun toot jaati hai. Ab kahani kai saal aage chhalaang lagaati hai. Gaon badhkar ek chhota town ban gaya hai: mail train ab wahan rukti hai, ek cotton mill aur tin ki chhat wala cinema aa gaye hain, aur ladkiyon ka primary school ab high school ban gaya hai. Sirf end mein jaakar humein pata chalta hai ki in saalon mein Bholi ne kitna kuch paaya hai.

Ek raat Ramlal aur uski patni Bishamber Nath ke rishte par baat karte hain, jo doosre gaon ka ek khaata-peeta pansaari hai. Patni ke liye woh ek badhiya rishta hai: woh koi dowry nahi chahta, uski ek badi dukaan aur ek ghar hai, aur bachat bhi hai. Ramlal jhijhakta hai. Woh aadmi langdaata hai, pehli shaadi se uske bachche bade ho chuke hain, aur woh lagbhag Ramlal jitna hi bada hai. Patni ke paas har baat ka jawaab hai. Woh kehti hai, aadmi ke liye pachpan nahi, paintaalis ya pachaas koi umar hi nahi. Asli kismat to yeh hai ki woh kahin aur rehta hai aur usne Bholi ke chehre ya uski tathakathit kam akli ke baare mein kabhi suna hi nahi. Mana kar diya to shayad ladki ki shaadi kabhi ho hi na. Jab Ramlal sochta hai ki Bholi kya sochegi, to woh yeh keh kar baat taal deti hai ki gaay ki tarah uski bhi koi raay nahi. Aangan ke us paar jaagti padi Bholi har shabd sunti hai.

Shaadi Ramlal ki umeed se kahin zyada shaandaar hai: lambi baaraat, brass band aur saji hui ghodi par dulha. Bholi ki behnein bhi jalti hain. Phir pavitra aag ke saamne dulhan ka ghoonghat uthaaya jaata hai, Bishamber chechak ke daag dekhta hai, aur maala hawa mein hi ruk jaati hai. Ab woh aage badhne se pehle ₹5,000 maangta hai. Ramlal poori tarah jhuk jaata hai. Woh apni pagdi, jo aadmi ki izzat ki nishaani hai, utaarkar dulhe ke saamne rakh deta hai aur iske bajaay ₹2,000 dene ki guhaar lagaata hai. Bishamber nahi maanta: poori rakam, warna baaraat waapas chali jaayegi. Rote hue Ramlal paise laata hai aur de deta hai.

Yeh soch kar ki woh jeet gaya hai, Bishamber maala mangwaata hai. Lekin jab ghoonghat phir hatta hai, to dulhan ki aankhein seedhe uski aankhon se milti hain, darr ke bajaay thandi nafrat se bhari hui. Ek jhatke mein maala aag mein hoti hai aur ghoonghat hat jaata hai. Phir, sabko hairaan karte hue, Bholi zor se aur bina atke bolti hai: uske pita apne paise rakh lein, kyunki woh is dulhe se shaadi karne se inkaar karti hai. Mehmaan budbudaate hain ki use koi sharam nahi, aur Ramlal usse family ki izzat ke baare mein sochne ki minnat karta hai. Bholi ka jawaab teekha hai. Usi izzat ke liye usne ek boodhe, langde pati ke liye haan kar di thi; lekin ek laalchi kaayar jo patni ke liye mol-bhaav kare, woh alag baat hai. Ek boodhi aurat taana maarti hai ki sab use ek bezubaan, bechaari jaanvar samajhte the. Bholi yeh taana poori mehfil par palat deti hai: jis jaanvar ko woh saunpne wale the, woh bol sakta hai, aur use abhi aur bhi kehna hai.

Dulhe wale chale jaate hain, aur confused band to ek khushi bhari vidaai ki dhun bhi baja deta hai. Ramlal ke paas reh jaati hai uski sharam aur ek sawaal: ab isse shaadi kaun karega? Is pal kahani use phir se Sulekha kehti hai. Uska shaant jawaab uska future tay kar deta hai. Woh boodhe hote parents ki dekhbhaal karegi aur apne hi purane school mein teacher banegi. Woh apni teacher ki taraf dekhti hai, jo poori shaam chupchaap sab dekh rahi thi, aur teacher turant sahmati deti hai. Lekhak teacher ke chupchaap garv ki tulna ek artist ki us khushi se karta hai jo use apni sabse behtareen poori hui kriti par hoti hai.

5/5Bholi maala aag mein phenk deti hai aur usse shaadi karne se inkaar karti hai.

Fig. 8.5Bishamber ke daag dekhte hi keemat badh gayi. Bholi ne kisi bhi keemat par bikne se inkaar kar diya.

Rupaye mein ek bar chart, jismein 2,000 aur 5,000 par guide lines hain. Step 1, Pehle: ek flat bar jispar none likha hai, kyunki Bishamber ne koi dowry nahi maangi thi. Step 2, Maang: dulhan ka chehra dekhne ke baad ek dashed bar 5,000 tak uthta hai. Step 3, Offer: 2,000 par ek chhota bar dikhata hai ki Ramlal kya offer karta hai. Step 4, Diya: 5,000 par ek solid bar dikhata hai ki Ramlal poori rakam de deta hai. Step 5: bars ke upar 'Bholi ki naa' ki ek mohar dikhti hai, kyunki woh shaadi aur paise dono thukra deti hai.

Part III check
4 mein se 1
Ramlal aur uski patni Bishamber ko haan kyun kehte hain?
Answer dekho

Answer (C) Woh khaata-peeta hai, koi dowry nahi chahta aur Bholi ke daagon ke baare mein kuch nahi jaanta.

Uski daulat, koi dowry na lene ka vaada aur Bholi ki shakal ke baare mein uska anjaan hona use ek kismat wala mauka banaate hain. Woh na jawaan hai na handsome, aur Bholi se kabhi poochha hi nahi jaata.
Flash cards · 21

Kahani ke words

1 / 21
Kahani ko jodo
2 mein se 1
In ghatnaon ko us order mein lagao jismein woh hoti hain.
  1. Use nehlaaya aur taiyaar kiya jaata hai
  2. Woh apne parents ki baatein sun leti hai
  3. Woh padhaane ka plan banaati hai
  4. Bishamber ₹5,000 maangta hai
  5. Smallpox uske chehre par daag chhod deta hai
  6. Ladkiyon ka ek school khulta hai
  7. Woh class mein apna naam bolti hai
  8. Maala aag mein jaati hai
Answer dekho
Answer
  1. Smallpox uske chehre par daag chhod deta hai
  2. Ladkiyon ka ek school khulta hai
  3. Use nehlaaya aur taiyaar kiya jaata hai
  4. Woh class mein apna naam bolti hai
  5. Woh apne parents ki baatein sun leti hai
  6. Bishamber ₹5,000 maangta hai
  7. Maala aag mein jaati hai
  8. Woh padhaane ka plan banaati hai
Pehle bachpan ki badkismatiyan aati hain, phir school, pehla din, rishta, shaadi mein maang, climax aur future ke liye uska plan.

8.3 Text ke baare mein sochna

Is kahani par board answers mein marks evidence par milte hain. Jab tum koi quality batao, to use character ki kisi kahi baat ya kiye kaam se support karo, phir samjhao ki isse kya pata chalta hai. Neeche ke notes yahi evidence aur Think about It questions ke peeche ke ideas ikattha karte hain.

8.3.1 Bholi: simpleton se Sulekha tak

Bholi kahani ki protagonist hai, aur koi doosra character uske jitna nahi badalta. Shuru mein woh chup, dari hui aur apne bekaar hone ko lekar pakki hai, kyunki sab use yahi batate aaye hain. End tak woh padhi-likhi, saaf bolne wali aur apne aas-paas ke kisi bhi bade se zyada bahadur ho jaati hai. Yeh badlaav koi jaadu nahi: saalon ki schooling aur ek teacher ke bharose ne ise mumkin banaaya. Table har trait ko us evidence ke saath jodti hai jise tum use kar sakte ho.

Table 8.1Bholi ke traits aur unka evidence
TraitEvidenceIsse kya pata chalta hai
Darpok, dukhiMazaak udaaye jaane ki wajah se kam bolti hai; class mein ro padti haichidhaana aur andekhi kaise ek bachche ko kuchal dete hain
Pyaar ki bhookhiSaaf dress ko ek behtar jagah ka sign maanti haiuski dekhbhaal shayad hi kabhi hui ho
Koshish karne ko taiyaarTeacher ko khush karne ke liye apne naam ke saath jootti rehti haihausla milne se woh bahadur banti hai
Farz nibhaane waliParents ki izzat ke liye ek boodha, langda dulha maan leti haiwoh apni family ko pehle rakhti hai
Self-respect waliMol-bhaav karne wale aadmi ko thukra deti haiwoh bikne ko taiyaar nahi
Nidar aur saafShaadi mein bina stammer ke bolti haieducation ne use awaaz di hai
ZimmedaarParents ki dekhbhaal aur padhaane ka plan banaati haiab woh apni zindagi khud chalaati hai

8.3.2 Teacher aur baaki bade log

Bade log ek alag bachche ke saath bartaav ke do tareeke dikhate hain. Ramlal aur uski patni Bholi ko uski shakal aur uski shaadi ke chances se aankte hain. Woh kisi dramatic tareeke se zaalim nahi hain; bas unhe usse koi umeed nahi, aur yeh baat woh uske saamne hi keh dete hain. Bishamber use sirf ek saude ki tarah dekhta hai. Tehsildar, jo usse kabhi milta bhi nahi, akela baahar wala hai jo ladkiyon ki padhai par zor deta hai, haalaanki woh ise zyada tar misaal kaayam karne ki baat ki tarah kehta hai.

Teacher akeli badi hai jo Bholi ko dekhkar ek insaan dekhti hai. Woh na us par taras khaati hai, na use lecture deti hai. Woh hausla badhaati hai, chhote kadmon ki taareef karti hai aur vaada karti hai ki padhai se izzat milegi. End mein uski shaant santushti bhari nazar batati hai ki Bholi ke badlaav ko usne kitna gadha hai (Fig. 8.6).

4/4End tak woh Sulekha ban kar centre mein khadi hoti hai.

Fig. 8.6Kai log Bholi ko dukh dete hain ya nazarandaaz karte hain. Ek insaan madad karta hai, aur uski zindagi badalne ke liye itna kaafi hai.

Beech mein Bholi ek circle hai, jo lines se uski zindagi ke logon se judi hai. Step 1, Parivaar: hurts likhi dashed lines use Ramlal, ek pareshaan pita, aur uski maa se jodti hain, jo usse umeed chhod chuki hai. Step 2, Duniya: pushes likhi ek dotted line use Tehsildar se jodti hai, jo school ka hukm deta hai, aur dashed lines use mazaak udaane wale bachchon aur laalchi dulhe Bishamber se jodti hain. Step 3, Teacher: helps likhi ek moti solid line use teacher se jodti hai, jo us par bharosa karti hai. Step 4, End: centre ka naam Bholi se badal kar Sulekha ho jaata hai aur circle ki outline aur gehri ho jaati hai.

Compare

Bade log Bholi ko kaise dekhte hain

Uske parents

  • ek bojh jiski shaadi karaani hai
  • ek bewakoof jiski koi raay nahi
  • ek bachchi jisse school bhejkar chhutkaara paana hai
  • family ki izzat ke liye ek khatra

Bishamber

  • ek dulhan jiski ek keemat hai
  • kami wali dulhan jiske pita ko extra dena hoga
  • ek saude ko jeetne ka zariya

Uski teacher

  • ek bachchi jo seekh sakti hai
  • jise pyaar se naam lekar bulaana chahiye
  • ek insaan jiski chhoti koshishein taareef ke laayak hain
  • ek aisa future jo gaon mein kisi se kam nahi

8.3.3 Awaaz paana: stammer aur do naam

Is kahani mein Bholi ka stammer sirf bolne ki problem nahi hai. Yeh uski bebasi ka prateek hai: jis ladki ki koi nahi sunta, woh apni baat nahi keh sakti. Dhyaan do ki woh kab atakti hai. Jab woh dari hui hoti hai ya uska mazaak udaaya jaata hai, tab sabse zyada, aur jaise hi koi uske saath sabr se pesh aata hai, yeh kam hone lagta hai. Shaadi mein, jab use sach mein kuch kehna zaroori hota hai, uski awaaz saaf aur mazboot hoti hai. Stammer ka chala jaana us confidence aur self-respect ka symbol hai jo education ne use diya hai (Fig. 8.7).Asli zindagi mein stammer ka intelligence se koi lena-dena nahi hota. Sabr se sunne wale log aur speech therapy, chidhaane ya daantne se kahin zyada madad karte hain.

Uske naam bhi yahi kahani batate hain. Bholi, yaani seedhi-saadi, ek label hai jo gaon ne us par chipka diya, aur narrator bhi tab tak yahi naam use karta hai jab tak doosre use aise dekhte hain. Sirf end ke paas, jab woh shaanti se apne future ke baare mein bolti hai, tab kahani use phir se Sulekha kehti hai. Asli naam isliye lautta hai kyunki asli insaan saamne aa gaya hai. Ab woh doosron ki baaton wali simpleton nahi, balki ek samajhdaar young woman hai jo apni zindagi khud tay karti hai. Naam uske naye roop par fit bhi baithta hai, kyunki Hindi mein lekh ka matlab hai likhaai, aur ab woh padhi-likhi hai aur padhaane ka plan bana rahi hai.

5/5Shaant aur sthir, woh apne future ka plan banaati hai, aur kahani use Sulekha kehti hai.

Fig. 8.7Dashed bars kaanpti boli hain; solid bars saaf boli. Jaise-jaise uski awaaz badhti hai, kahani use uska asli naam waapas deti hai.

Paanch rows, har pal ke liye ek, jismein ek speech bar har baar lamba hota jaata hai. Step 1, Ghar pe: ek chhota dashed bar jismein sirf dots hain, uski chuppi ke liye. Step 2, Pehla din: ek dashed bar jismein uska naam atke hue tukdon mein hai. Step 3, Vaada: ek lamba dashed bar jismein atakta hua yes hai. Step 4, Shaadi: ek lamba solid bar jismein saaf-saaf kaha gaya Pitaji! hai. Step 5, Aakhir: sabse lamba solid bar, I will teach, aur neeche ki patti 'Kahani mein naam: Bholi' se badal kar 'Kahani mein naam: Sulekha' ho jaati hai.

8.3.4 Themes, symbols aur irony

Theme woh bada idea hai jise koi kahani explore karti hai. Bholi chhoti hai, lekin ismein ek saath kai themes hain.

  • Girl child ki andekhi. Beton ko padhaaya jaata hai, betiyon ki shaadi kar di jaati hai, aur jo beti sundar na ho use bojh samjha jaata hai. Kahani in sab par sawaal uthaati hai.
  • Education ki taakat. School Bholi ko knowledge deta hai, lekin sabse badhkar confidence aur ek awaaz. Padhai use aatmanirbhar banaati hai.
  • Dowry aur laalach. Bishamber shaadi ko vyaapaar ki tarah dekhta hai aur kamzori dikhte hi jhapat padta hai. Kahani dowry ka asli roop dikhati hai: ek aurat par lagaayi gayi keemat.
  • Kindness zindagi badalti hai. Ek sabr wali teacher saalon ki andekhi ko mita deti hai.
  • Self-respect. Bholi farz ki wajah se ek bura rishta maan leti hai, lekin beizzati sehne se inkaar karti hai. Uske liye izzat shaadi se zyada maayne rakhti hai.

Symbols. Lakshmi gaay us bartaav ka prateek hai jiski Bholi apne liye umeed karti hai: kuch samay rakho, phir hata do. Family ka use dumb cow samajhna batata hai ki woh use kaise dekhte hain, ek bezubaan jaanvar ki tarah. Aag mein phenki gayi maala paise par tike rishte ko uska thukraana hai. Bishamber ke pairon mein Ramlal ki pagdi uski mitti mein mili izzat hai, aur teacher ka masterpiece khud Bholi hai.

Irony. Jis ladki ko sab simpleton kehte the, wahi shaadi mein sabse samajhdaar nikalti hai. Uske parents use school isliye bhejte hain kyunki unhe woh bekaar lagti hai, aur school hi use mazboot banaata hai. Jis dulhe ne koi dowry nahi maangi thi, woh aakhri pal mein dowry maangta hai, aur mehmaan Bholi ko besharam kehte hain jabki asli sharam Bishamber ki honi chahiye.

Text ke baare mein sochna
4 mein se 1
End ke paas kahani use Sulekha kyun kehti hai?
Answer dekho

Answer (C) Usne simpleton ka label utaar phenka hai aur apna asli roop paa liya hai.

Sulekha hamesha se uska asli naam tha. Yeh tab lautta hai jab woh ek kaabil, aatmanirbhar insaan ki tarah bolti aur kaam karti hai. Uski shaadi nahi hui hai, aur koi uska naam nahi badalta.
Practice · 6 questions

Practice 8.3: Is par socho: answers ke saath

  1. Short answerEasyNCERT Think about It Q1

    Jab uska pita use le ja raha tha, to Bholi bahut dar gayi thi. Use kis baat ka darr tha, aur kin baaton se use umeed mili ki school ghar se behtar hoga?

    Solution dikhao

    She had recently seen the old cow, Lakshmi, led away and sold, so she feared she was being sent away too. Then she was bathed, her hair was oiled and she was given a clean dress, though only a shrunken hand-me-down. Nobody had ever cared for her like this, so she guessed that the place must be kinder than home.

  2. Short answerMediumNCERT Think about It Q2

    Bholi ki zindagi badalne mein teacher ka kya role tha?

    Solution dikhao

    On the first day the teacher spoke to Bholi gently, called her by name, praised every broken attempt to speak and told her that fear was the real problem. She gave her a book and a promise that learning would bring respect. Years of schooling followed. The result shows at the wedding, where Bholi speaks clearly, rejects a greedy groom and chooses to become a teacher herself.

    • Key points: gentle voice and patience
    • praise for small efforts
    • promise of respect through learning
    • confidence and a clear voice
    • a career as a teacher
  3. Long answerHardNCERT Think about It Q3

    Bholi ne pehle ek bahut bade, langde aadmi se, jiske bachche bade ho chuke the, shaadi ke liye haan kahi, lekin pavitra aag ke saamne use mana kar diya. Dono faislon ko samjhao aur batao ki inse uske baare mein kya pata chalta hai.

    Solution dikhao

    Bholi had heard her parents say that no one else would marry her. She accepted the unequal match out of duty, to save them worry and to protect the family's honour. She refused at the fire because Bishamber showed his real nature: he demanded ₹5,000 after seeing her scars and made her father lay his turban at his feet. She would not marry a greedy, mean coward who bought a bride. Both decisions show the same person: dutiful and caring, but with deep self-respect and the courage to act on it.

    • Key points: agreed out of duty to her parents
    • refused because of greed and humiliation
    • self-respect
    • courage
    • education gave her the voice
  4. Short answerMediumNCERT Think about It Q4

    Lagbhag poori kahani mein narrator use Bholi kehta hai. Kahani khatam hone se theek pehle Sulekha naam kyun lautta hai?

    Solution dikhao

    Bholi, the simpleton, was a label others gave her. Near the end she speaks calmly and sensibly about caring for her parents and teaching. She has proved she is no simpleton, so the narrator gives her back her real name to show her new identity as an independent, educated woman.

  5. Quick answerEasy

    Bishamber pehle koi dowry nahi maangta. Aag ke saamne woh rupaye maangta hai, aur Ramlal pehle rupaye offer karta hai.

    Answer dekho

    Answer (1) 5,000, (2) 2,000

    Woh ₹5,000 maangta hai; Ramlal ₹2,000 offer karta hai lekin aakhir mein poore ₹5,000 de deta hai.
  6. Quick answerMedium

    Kaun sa statement kahani ke message ko sabse achhe se bayaan karta hai?

    Answer dekho

    Answer (B) Education aur kindness ek neglected ladki ko bhi apne liye khade hone ka confidence de sakte hain.

    Teacher ki kindness aur saalon ki padhai ek chup, neglected bachchi ko ek confident aurat bana dete hain. Kahani is soch ke khilaaf hai ki shaadi hi ladki ka iklauta future hai.

8.4 Girl child ko bachaane par ek poster

Bholi ki kahani ka end achha hai kyunki ek school aur ek teacher beech mein aaye. India mein aaj bhi kai ladkiyon ko wahi soch jhelni padti hai jo Bholi ne jheli. Beton ko zyada important maana jaata hai, ladki ki padhai ko bekaar samjha jaata hai, aur dowry beti ko ek kharcha bana deti hai. Paanchva Think about It task tumse kehta hai ki in soch ke khilaaf bani ek government scheme par research karo. Phir tumhara group us par ek poster design karta hai.

Definition
Child sex ratio

0–6 saal ke age group mein har 1,000 ladkon par ladkiyon ki sankhya.

Example918 ke ratio ka matlab hai har 1,000 ladkon par 918 ladkiyan.

Poster ko corridor ke us paar se, kuch hi seconds mein apna kaam karna hota hai. Ise chaar hisson mein plan karo, jaise Fig. 8.8 mein: ek chhoti headline, ek dumdaar picture ya symbol, do ya teen facts, aur ek saaf call to action. Apni drawings aur apne words use karo, aur scheme ka official logo copy mat karo.

4/4End mein padhne wale ko batao ki use kya karna hai.

Fig. 8.8Chaar zones, jo upar se neeche kuch hi seconds mein padhe jaate hain.

Left mein ek lamba poster aur right mein numbered labels. Step 1: upar ki headline strip par Let her learn likha hai. Step 2: beech mein ek picture zone aata hai, jismein ek khuli kitaab aur usse ugte paudhe ki simple drawing hai. Step 3: neeche ek facts zone aata hai, jo text ki teen grey lines ki tarah dikhaaya gaya hai. Step 4: sabse neeche ek gol kinaaron wala button, jispar Enrol her now likha hai, yaani call to action.

Poster check
2 mein se 1
Poster par kaun si headline sabse achhi chalti hai?
Answer dekho

Answer (D) Let her learn

Headline chhoti, dumdaar aur door se padhne laayak honi chahiye. Lambi headlines paas se guzarne wala koi kabhi nahi padhega, aur Poster kuch bhi nahi kehta.

8.5 Is par baat karo

Teen Talk about It questions kahani ko tumhari apni zindagi tak le aate hain. Inhe groups mein discuss karo, lekin pehle apne points taiyaar karo. Achhi discussion ka matlab hai sunna, doosron ki baat ko aage badhaana, aur wajah dekar tameez se asehmati jataana.

4/4Sab milkar Hindi, yaani Hindustani, ki taraf ishaara karte hain.

Fig. 8.9Kahani English mein chhapi hai, lekin uske words bata dete hain ki uske characters asal mein kaun si language bolte the.

Word tags ke teen columns, jinke arrows neeche ek answer box ki taraf jaate hain. Step 1, Naam: Ramlal, Sulekha aur Bishamber. Step 2, Titles: Numberdar, Tehsildar aur sahib. Step 3, Home words: Pitaji, izzat aur bholi. Step 4: arrows ek box tak jaate hain jispar Hindi (Hindustani) likha hai, woh language jo characters asal mein bolte.

Talk about it check
2 mein se 1
Kahani ke har word ko uske matlab se match karo.

Left mein koi item tap karo, phir right mein uska match.

Answer dekho
Answer
  • Pitaji : pita, respect ke saath kaha gaya
  • izzat : maan, achha naam
  • Numberdar : gaon ka revenue official
  • sahib : sir, respect ka ek title
Pitaji aur sahib kisi ko respect se bulaane ke tareeke hain; izzat ka matlab maan hai; numberdar gaon mein revenue ikattha karta hai.
Recap

Summary aur key points

  1. Sulekha, jise Bholi (simpleton) kaha jaata hai, Numberdar Ramlal ki nazarandaaz ki gayi sabse chhoti beti hai, jiske chehre par smallpox ke daag hain aur jisne der se bolna seekha (Section 8.2.1).
  2. Ramlal ke bete shehar mein padhte hain; uski betiyon ki shaadi kar di jaati hai. Saadhaaran dikhne wali aur kam akal samjhi jaane wali Bholi uski chinta hai (Section 8.2.1).
  3. Use ladkiyon ke naye school mein sirf isliye bheja jaata hai kyunki Ramlal Tehsildar se darta hai aur uski maa sochti hai ki uski shaadi kabhi nahi hogi (Section 8.2.1).
  4. Pehle din use darr lagta hai ki use Lakshmi gaay ki tarah kahin bheja ja raha hai, lekin ek kind teacher ka sabr aur taareef use umeed dete hain (Section 8.2.2).
  5. Saalon baad uske parents Bishamber ko maan lete hain, jo ek bada, langda pansaari hai aur koi dowry nahi maangta, aur Bholi sun leti hai ki woh use bekaar samajhte hain (Section 8.2.3).
  6. Aag ke saamne Bishamber uske chechak ke daag dekhta hai aur ₹5,000 maangta hai; Ramlal apni pagdi rakh deta hai, ₹2,000 offer karta hai, phir poori rakam de deta hai (Section 8.2.3).
  7. Bholi maala aag mein phenk deti hai aur saaf awaaz mein ek laalchi kaayar se shaadi karne se inkaar kar deti hai (Section 8.2.3).
  8. Phir se Sulekha kahi jaane wali, woh apne parents ki dekhbhaal aur padhaane ka plan banaati hai; uski teacher ek artist ke garv se use dekhti hai (Section 8.3.3).
  9. Themes: ladkiyon ki andekhi, education ki taakat, dowry aur laalach, kindness aur self-respect (Section 8.3.4).
  10. Stammer, do naam, gaay, maala aur pagdi symbols ki tarah kaam karte hain (Section 8.3.3, Section 8.3.4).
  11. Beti Bachao Beti Padhao (2015) girl child ko bachaane aur padhaane ke liye kaam karti hai (Section 8.4).
  12. Law mein ladkiyon aur ladkon ke barabar rights hain; kahani humse kehti hai ki hum us soch ko badlein jo ab bhi unke saath alag bartaav karti hai (Section 8.5).

8.6 Board exam practice

Yahan teeno tarah ke questions practise karo: extract-based questions, lagbhag 40–50 words ke short answers aur lagbhag 100–120 words ke long answers, jo aksar character, theme ya values par hote hain. Har extract pehle apni textbook mein padho, phir answer do. Har model answer ke end mein woh key points hain jo examiner dhoondhta hai.

Practice · 4 questions

Extract-based questions: answers ke saath

  1. Short answerEasy

    Page 48 ka woh passage padho jismein ek naya school khulta hai aur Ramlal aur uski patni tay karte hain ki kaun si beti school jaayegi. Questions ke answers do.

    1. Ramlal ko apni betiyon ko school bhejne ke liye kisne kaha?

      Answer dekho

      Answer (D) Tehsildar ne

      Tehsildar ne, jisne school khola tha, Ramlal se misaal kaayam karne ko kaha.

    2. Ramlal ki patni ladkiyon ki padhai ke khilaaf kyun thi?

      Solution dikhao

      She believed an educated girl would not find a husband, and marriage was all she wanted for her daughters.

    3. School kholne wala officer ke pad par tha.

      Answer dekho

      Answer Tehsildar

      Tehsildar ne, jo us ilaake ka revenue officer tha, school khola.

    4. Bholi ko hi kyun chuna gaya?

      Solution dikhao

      Her parents thought she would never marry anyway, so sending her cost them nothing. Her mother wanted the school to take her off their hands.

  2. Short answerMedium

    Page 50 ka woh passage padho jismein bell ke baad teacher Bholi se baat karti hai. Questions ke answers do.

    1. Bell ke baad Bholi apne kone mein kyun ruki rahi?

      Answer dekho

      Answer (C) Woh sharminda thi aur abhi bhi ro rahi thi.

      Apne naam par woh toot gayi thi aur itni sharminda thi ki nazar nahi utha paa rahi thi.

    2. Teacher ke usse baat karne ke tareeke mein kya alag tha?

      Solution dikhao

      Her voice was soft and kind, and her words sounded like an invitation, not an order. Nobody had ever spoken to Bholi like that.

    3. Jab Bholi aakhir mein apna poora naam bolti hai, to use lagta hai

      Answer dekho

      Answer (A) raahat aur garv

      Use raahat milti hai, jaise usne koi bahut badi cheez haasil kar li ho.

    4. Teacher ne kya kaha ki uska stammer kaise theek hoga?

      Solution dikhao

      Letting go of her fear. Without it, the teacher said, she would speak as easily as anyone else.

  3. Short answerMedium

    Pages 51–52 ka woh passage padho jismein raat ko Ramlal aur uski patni Bishamber ke rishte par baat karte hain. Questions ke answers do.

    1. Inmein se kaun si wajah maa ne rishta maanne ke liye nahi di?

      Answer dekho

      Answer (C) Woh jawaan aur handsome tha.

      Woh na jawaan tha na handsome; woh lagbhag Ramlal ki umar ka tha aur langdaata tha.

    2. Ramlal ko is rishte ko lekar kya shak the?

      Solution dikhao

      The groom limped, he was close to Ramlal's own age, and his first marriage had given him children who were already adults.

    3. Maa ko yeh kismat ki baat kyun lagi ki Bishamber doosre gaon se tha?

      Answer dekho

      Answer (D) Usne Bholi ke daagon aur uski tathakathit kam akli ke baare mein nahi suna tha.

      Bholi ke baare mein na jaanne ki wajah se woh use mana nahi karega, kam se kam maa ko yahi umeed thi.

    4. Yeh baatein aur kisne suni, aur yeh kyun maayne rakhta hai?

      Solution dikhao

      Bholi, lying awake on her cot, heard every word. She knew exactly how her parents saw her, yet she went ahead with the wedding for their sake.

  4. Short answerHard

    Pages 53–54 ka passage padho, ghoonghat ke doosri baar uthne se lekar Bholi ke inkaar tak. Questions ke answers do.

    1. Is baar Bholi ne Bishamber ko kaise dekha?

      Answer dekho

      Answer (B) seedhe uski taraf, cold contempt ke saath

      Uski aankhein ab jhuki nahi thin; usne seedhe uski taraf tiraskaar se dekha, gusse ya nafrat se nahi.

    2. Usne maala ka kya kiya?

      Solution dikhao

      She snatched it before he could put it round her neck and threw it into the sacred fire.

    3. Sabko sabse zyada hairaani kis baat par hui?

      Answer dekho

      Answer (A) ki woh bina kisi stammer ke saaf-saaf boli

      Uski family aur padosiyon ne ab tak use sirf atak-atak kar bolte hi suna tha.

    4. Usne Bishamber se shaadi karne se inkaar kyun kiya?

      Solution dikhao

      His greed showed his true character. He had humiliated her father and treated her as goods to be paid for, and she would not tie her life to such a man.

Practice · 6 questions

Short-answer questions (40–50 words): answers ke saath

  1. Short answerEasy

    Ramlal ko apni sabse chhoti beti ke future ki chinta kyun thi?

    Solution dikhao

    Ramlal's other daughters were pretty and healthy, so finding husbands for them was easy. Bholi had been scarred by smallpox, stammered and was thought to be slow. He feared that no man would agree to marry her, and in his world an unmarried daughter was a lasting burden.

    • Key points: pockmarks and stammer
    • thought slow
    • no chance of marriage
    • unmarried daughter seen as a burden
  2. Short answerMedium

    Bholi ka school mein daakhila asal mein uski padhai ke liye kyun nahi tha?

    Solution dikhao

    Ramlal sent a daughter only because he feared disobeying the Tehsildar. His wife thought schooling would ruin a girl's marriage chances, so she chose Bholi, who seemed unlikely to marry anyway. School was a way to get the unwanted daughter off their hands.

    • Key points: fear of the Tehsildar
    • mother's view of education
    • Bholi seen as unmarriageable
    • a way to be rid of her
  3. Short answerMedium

    School ke pehle din Bholi ki mili-juli feelings describe karo.

    Solution dikhao

    It was mixed but ended happily. She was scared at first and cried when she stammered over her name. Yet she liked the other girls and the bright pictures, and the teacher's gentle encouragement, the book and the promise filled her with new hope.

    • Key points: fear and tears
    • liked the girls and pictures
    • teacher's encouragement
    • ends in hope
  4. Short answerMedium

    Bishamber ki umar aur uske langdaane ke bawajood Bholi ke parents ne uska rishta kyun maan liya?

    Solution dikhao

    Bishamber was rich, with a big shop, his own house and savings, and he asked for no dowry. Living in another village, he knew nothing of Bholi's scars or supposed dullness. Her parents feared she would otherwise stay unmarried all her life.

    • Key points: wealthy grocer
    • no dowry demanded
    • did not know about her scars
    • fear she would never marry
  5. Short answerMedium

    Aakhri pal mein shaadi kis wajah se ruki?

    Solution dikhao

    On seeing Bholi's pockmarks, Bishamber demanded ₹5,000 and humiliated Ramlal until it was paid. Disgusted by his greed and meanness, Bholi threw the garland into the fire and refused, in a clear voice, to marry such a mean, money-hungry man.

    • Key points: dowry demand of ₹5,000
    • father humiliated
    • garland thrown in the fire
    • refusal of a greedy man
  6. Short answerHard

    Kahani ke end mein teacher ko ek artist jaisa kyun lagta hai?

    Solution dikhao

    When an artist finishes her finest work, she feels a deep, quiet pride. The teacher feels the same, because she has turned a frightened, stammering child into a confident, educated woman who stands up for herself and wants to teach. Bholi is her finished work of art.

    • Key points: artist and masterpiece
    • frightened child to confident woman
    • teacher's long effort
    • pride and satisfaction
Practice · 4 questions

Practice questions answers ke saath (NCERT “Long-answer questions (100–120 words)”)

  1. Long answerMedium

    Bholi ka character sketch likho, aur dikhao ki kahani ke dauraan woh kaise badalti hai.

    Solution dikhao

    As a child, Bholi is timid and silent. Scarred by smallpox, stammering and mocked by others, she hardly speaks, and her family treats her as a burden. She is also starved of affection, which is why a clean dress makes her think school will be better than home. Encouraged by her teacher, she proves willing to try, and years of learning change her completely. She agrees to an unequal marriage out of duty to her parents, which shows she is caring. But when Bishamber demands dowry and humiliates her father, she refuses him in a clear, fearless voice. In the end she is confident, self-respecting and independent, ready to serve her parents and teach.

    • Key points: timid, neglected child
    • longing for care
    • willing to learn
    • dutiful
    • self-respecting and bold
    • independent at the end
  2. Long answerHard

    “Teacher hi kahani ki asli hero hai.” Kya tum sehmat ho? Wajah do.

    Solution dikhao

    I agree to a large extent. Everyone else had given up on Bholi. Her parents saw her as a burden and sent her to school only to be rid of her. The teacher alone saw a child who could learn. She spoke to her softly, used her name kindly, praised each broken word and promised that knowledge would bring respect. That one day turned fear into hope, and years of teaching gave Bholi a clear voice and the courage to reject a greedy groom. Still, the final act of courage is Bholi's own. The teacher lit the lamp, but Bholi carried it, so both deserve credit.

    • Key points: everyone else gave up on her
    • kindness and patience
    • promise of respect
    • years of teaching
    • Bholi's own courage
    • a clear opinion
  3. Long answerHard

    Kahani dowry ko ek social evil ke roop mein kaise expose karti hai? Young log iske khilaaf ladne ke liye kya kar sakte hain?

    Solution dikhao

    The story shows dowry as greed dressed up as custom. Bishamber first wins the match by asking no dowry, then demands ₹5,000 at the sacred fire after seeing Bholi's scars. He treats a bride as goods whose price rises with every flaw, and he makes Ramlal lay his turban at his feet. A father is shamed, and a daughter is bought. Bholi's refusal shows the answer: self-respect and courage. Young people can refuse to give or take dowry in their own weddings, speak up when relatives demand it, report cases, since dowry is illegal under the Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961, and above all make sure girls are educated and independent.

    • Key points: demand at the last moment
    • bride treated as goods
    • father humiliated
    • Bholi's refusal
    • law against dowry
    • education and speaking up
  4. Long answerHard

    Bholi ki family uske saath uske bhaiyon aur behnon se bahut alag bartaav karti hai. Discuss karo ki kahani ladkiyon ke saath bhedbhaav aur Bholi par uske asar ko kaise dikhati hai.

    Solution dikhao

    In Ramlal's prosperous home, the sons are sent to city schools and colleges, while the daughters are simply married off. Even among the girls, Bholi is the least valued, because she has neither looks nor the promise of a good marriage. She wears hand-me-downs that nobody washes or mends, is called a fool and is sent to school only to be got rid of. Her parents even discuss her worth in front of her. This neglect makes her silent, frightened and ashamed, and worsens her stammer. The story shows that such discrimination wastes a child, while the teacher's fair, kind treatment reveals what Bholi could always have been.

    • Key points: sons educated, daughters married
    • Bholi least valued
    • neglect: clothes, insults
    • effect: silence, fear, stammer
    • kindness reveals her worth

Apna NCERT exercise question dhoondo

Hamare practice questions ncert.ai ke liye likhe gaye hain aur NCERT exercises ko follow karte hain. Apni textbook ke question se match karne wala question dhoondo; uska answer uske saath hai.

Tumhari NCERT textbook meinYahan practice question
NCERT Think about It Q1Practice Q1
NCERT Think about It Q2Practice Q2
NCERT Think about It Q3Practice Q3
NCERT Think about It Q4Practice Q4

Quick check: MCQs

  1. Padhne se pehle3 questions
  2. Part I check4 questions
  3. Part II check4 questions
  4. Part III check4 questions
  5. Kahani ko jodo2 questions
  6. Text ke baare mein sochna4 questions
  7. Poster check2 questions
  8. Talk about it check2 questions
Glossary · 11

Key terms (English + Hindi)

child sex ratioशिशु लिंगानुपातshishu linganupat
0–6 saal ke har 1,000 ladkon par ladkiyon ki sankhya.Chapter mein pehli baar yahan aaya →
climaxचरमोत्कर्षcharamotkarsh
Kahani mein sabse zyada tension ka pal, jab main conflict apni hadd par pahunchta hai.Chapter mein pehli baar yahan aaya →
dowryदहेजdahej
Shaadi par dulhan ki family se maanga gaya paisa ya samaan. India mein ise dena ya lena apraadh hai.Chapter mein pehli baar yahan aaya →
ironyविडंबनाvidambana
Jo umeed thi aur jo asal mein hota hai ya sach hai, unke beech ka gap.Chapter mein pehli baar yahan aaya →
izzatइज़्ज़तizzat
Maan ya achha naam, khaaskar samaaj mein kisi family ki haisiyat.Chapter mein pehli baar yahan aaya →
numberdarनंबरदारnambardar
Gaon ka mukhiya jo sarkaar ke liye land revenue ikattha karta hai.Chapter mein pehli baar yahan aaya →
protagonistमुख्य पात्रmukhya patra
Kahani ka main character, jiski problems aur choices plot ko aage badhaati hain.Chapter mein pehli baar yahan aaya →
stammerहकलानाhaklana
Bolne ki ek dikkat jismein bolne wala awaazon ko dohraata hai ya un par atak jaata hai. Iska intelligence se koi lena-dena nahi.Chapter mein pehli baar yahan aaya →
symbolप्रतीकprateek
Koi cheez, kaam ya naam jo kisi bade idea ke liye khada ho, jaise aag mein phenki maala thukraane ke liye.Chapter mein pehli baar yahan aaya →
Tehsildarतहसीलदारtahsildar
Ek tehsil, yaani district ke ek hisse, ka incharge revenue officer.Chapter mein pehli baar yahan aaya →
themeकेंद्रीय भावkendriya bhav
Ek central idea jise kahani explore karti hai, jaise education ki taakat.Chapter mein pehli baar yahan aaya →

Tum chapter ke end tak pahunch gaye