Madam Rides the Bus: Class 10 English Chapter 7 Hinglish mein

7.1 Padhne se pehle

Kisi aisi cheez ke baare mein socho jo tumne pehli baar akele ki ho: market se sabzi khareedna, do gali door dost ke ghar paidal jaana, bina kisi bade ke auto-rickshaw lena. Tumhara ek hissa garv mehsoos kar raha tha aur ek hissa ghabra raha tha. Shayad tumne woh cheezein bhi notice ki jo aas-paas ke bade log kab ka dekhna band kar chuke the.

Yeh story ek aath saal ki ladki ki hai jo paas wale town tak apni pehli trip karti hai, akele aur ghar mein kisi ko bataye bina. Jaane wali ride poori tarah maze ki hai. Wapas aane wali ride kuch aisa laati hai jiska usne kabhi plan nahi kiya tha: maut se uska pehla qareebi saamna. Ant tak woh seekh leti hai ki kisi fact ko jaanna aur uska matlab mehsoos karna ek jaisi baat nahi hai.

7.2 Story padhna

Story chaar parts mein hai, aur lagbhag sab kuch ek hi dopahar mein hota hai. Part I Valli aur uski ichchha se shuru karta hai. Parts II aur III town tak ki ride ke saath chalte hain, aur peeche mudkar dikhate hain ki usne taiyaari kaise ki. Part IV use ghar wapas laata hai, aise badlav ke saath jo aas-paas koi notice nahi karta. Neeche ki summaries padhte hue Fig. 7.2 mein route follow karo, phir har part apni textbook mein padho.

7.2.1 Part I: Ek ichchha aakaar leti hai

Part I kisi cheez ko shiddat se chaahne aur use paane ka tareeka nikaalne ke baare mein hai. Valli, yaani Valliammai, aath saal ki hai. Uske ghar ka darwaaza uski nigraani ki jagah hai, aur sadak uska entertainment. Jo kuch bhi guzarta hai, usmein sabse zyada use paas wale town ki bus romanchit karti hai. Logon ko chadhte-utarte dekhkar use bhi ek ride ki ichchha hone lagti hai, aur yeh ichchha badhti jaati hai jab tak uska poora mann nahi bhar leti. Jab ek dost town se dher saari kahaniyan lekar lautti hai, to Valli sunne se mana kar deti hai aur us par chillati hai “Proud! proud!”, ek udhaar liya hua English word jise koi bhi bachcha theek se nahi samajhta.

Valli apne parents se nahi poochhti. Woh padosiyon aur regular passengers ki baatein sunti hai aur beech-beech mein ek soch-samajhkar sawaal pooch leti hai. Dheere-dheere woh facts jod leti hai: town six miles door hai, fare har taraf ka thirty paise hai, trip mein forty-five minutes lagte hain, aur agar woh bus mein hi baithi rahe to aur thirty paise dekar seedhe wapas aa sakti hai. Ek achchhe kapde pehne aadmi ke liye, jiski baat woh sun leti hai, yeh fare chhoti si rakam hai, lekin us ladki ke liye bahut badi rakam hai jiske paas shayad hi kabhi apna sikka hota hai. Woh apna timetable baar-baar banati hai, jaisa Fig. 7.3 dikhata hai.

7.2.2 Part II: “Madam” bus mein chadhti hai

Basant ki ek suhaani dopahar, bus gaon se nikal hi rahi hoti hai ki ek chhoti si awaaz use rukne ka hukm deti hai. Conductor bahar jhaankta hai aur dekhta hai ki ek aath saal ki bachchi apne sikke dikhate hue town jaane ki zid par adi hai. Woh use andar chadhane ke liye haath badhata hai, lekin woh mana kar deti hai: woh khud chadhegi. Khush hokar woh ek khel shuru karta hai jo poori trip chalta hai. Woh use ek badi lady ki tarah treat karta hai, use “madam” bulata hai aur gine-chune passengers se uske liye jagah banane ko kehta hai. Sab hanste hain, aur Valli, achanak sharmaakar, kisi se nazar milaaye bina jaldi se ek seat par baith jaati hai.

Bus nayi aur ekdum saaf hai, safed rang par hari stripes, aage ek ghadi aur naram seats, aur woh har detail dhyaan se dekhti hai. Ek canvas ka parda uski khidki ka neeche wala aadha hissa dhak deta hai, isliye woh bahar dekhne ke liye seat par khadi ho jaati hai. Sadak ek canal ke saath-saath chalti hai, aur dono taraf door tak hare-bhare khet faile hain. Valli ko yeh sab kuch kamaal ka lagta hai.

Do bade passengers uska khayal rakhne ki koshish karte hain, aur woh dono ko door kar deti hai. Ek buzurg aadmi pyaar se use baithne ko kehte hain. Woh palatkar kehti hai ki woh bachchi nahi hai: usne kisi bhi passenger ki tarah apna fare khud diya hai. Conductor bhi chhedne mein shaamil ho jaata hai, aur woh tadakkar kehti hai ki woh madam bhi nahi hai, aur use abhi tak ticket nahi mila. Sab hanste hain, aur jaldi hi Valli bhi hansne lagti hai. Jab woh chetaavni deta hai ki tez mod par woh gir sakti hai, to woh elaan karti hai ki woh aath saal ki hai. Woh tabhi baithti hai jab naye passengers chadhte hain aur use apni seat chhin jaane ka darr hota hai.

Phir ek buzurg aurat uske paas baithti hai aur poochhti hai ki kya woh akeli hai. Valli ko woh ghinauni lagti hai, lambe khinche hue kaan, bhaari jhumke aur munh mein bhara paan, aur woh jitna ho sake utna chhota jawaab deti hai. Jab aurat poochhti rehti hai ki kya ek ladki ko akele travel karna chahiye aur woh theek kahan ja rahi hai, to Valli khidki ki taraf mud jaati hai aur kehti hai ki fikar mat karo: woh apna khayal khud rakh sakti hai.

7.2.3 Part III: Sixty paise aur ajoobon se bhara town

Part III pehle peeche jaakar dikhata hai ki is trip ke liye kitni mehnat lagi. Mahinon tak Valli ne jo bhi khule sikke mile, unse mithai ya chhoti cheezein khareedne ke bajaay unhe sambhaal kar rakha, jab tak uske paas sixty paise nahi ho gaye, bilkul aane-jaane ka fare. Sabse mushkil imtihaan gaon ke mele mein aaya: uske paas merry-go-round ki ride ke paise the, phir bhi usne khud ko mana kar diya. Ghar se chupke se nikalna aasaan tha. Har dopahar uski maa lambi neend leti thi, lagbhag ek se chaar baje tak, aur yahi pehle se Valli ke sadak dekhne aur ghoomne ke free ghante the.

Wapas bus mein, poora safar ek bachche ki nazar se dikhaya gaya hai. Bus khaali zameen, chhoti bastiyon aur akeli sadak kinare ki dukaanon ke paas se tezi se nikalti hai. Saamne se aati gaadiyan aur paidal log aise lagte hain jaise abhi nigal liye jaayenge, phir bhi bus har ek ke paas se surakshit nikal jaati hai. Ped bhi zinda lagte hain, bus ki taraf daudte aate hain aur phir uske peeche bhaag jaate hain, bilkul Fig. 7.1 jaisa.

Phir aata hai uski zindagi ka sabse mazedaar nazara. Ek jawaan gaay, poonchh hawa mein uthaaye, bus ke theek aage sadak ke beechon-beech sarpat daud rahi hai. Driver baar-baar horn bajata hai, lekin har horn use aur dara deta hai aur woh aur tez bhaagti hai, abhi bhi theek unke saamne. Valli itna hansti hai ki aansu aa jaate hain, aur conductor mazaak karta hai ki kuch hansi kal ke liye bhi bacha kar rakho.

Ek train dhadhadhaati hui level crossing se guzarti hai aur bus ko hila deti hai. Phir town uske chaaron taraf khul jaata hai: station, bheed bhari sadkein, badi-badi dukaanon ki khidkiyan aur itne log jitne usne kabhi ek jagah nahi dekhe. Valli itni hairaan hai ki ek word nahi bol paati.

Aakhri stop par Valli ke alawa sab utar jaate hain; woh wapsi ke liye aur thirty paise deti hai. Hairaan conductor poochhta hai ki kya kuch gadbad hai; woh kehti hai ki use bas bus ki ride chahiye thi. Woh suggest karta hai ki woh town ghoom le, lekin akele use bahut darr lagega. Woh kisi stall par drink ka suggest karta hai, aur woh kehti hai ki woh nahi le sakti. Jab woh uske liye cold drink laane ki offer karta hai, to woh kehti hai ki uske paas uske paise nahi hain, aur jab woh kehta hai ki yeh uski taraf se treat hogi, tab bhi woh mazbooti se mana kar deti hai.

7.2.4 Part IV: Ghar ka raasta

Jaise hi wapsi ki trip shuru hoti hai, conductor poochhta hai ki kya uski maa use dhoondh rahi hogi. Valli kehti hai, koi nahi dhoondhega. Wahi nazare use phir se excite karte hain, jab tak use sadak ke kinare woh jawaan gaay nahi dikhti jo pehle unke aage daud rahi thi. Woh mari padi hai, kisi tez gaadi ne use takkar maar di. Woh conductor se poochhti hai ki kya yeh wahi jaanwar hai, aur woh haan mein sir hilata hai.

Jo jaanwar usi dopahar pehle itna zinda aur mazedaar laga tha, ab bejaan aur bhayaanak dikhta hai, aur yeh tasveer uske mann se nahi jaati. Uska josh khatam ho jaata hai. Ab nazare mein use koi dilchaspi nahi rehti, aur woh bina hile baithi rehti hai jab tak bus 3:40 par uske gaon nahi pahunchti. Utarte waqt woh tameez se conductor se kehti hai ki ummeed hai woh unse phir milegi. Woh kehta hai kabhi bhi aana, aur apna fare lekar aana. Woh hansti hai aur ghar bhaag jaati hai.

Ghar par uski maa jaagi hui hai, South Street ki ek aunty se baatein kar rahi hai jo kabhi bolna band nahi karti. Aunty poochhti hai ki Valli kahan thi lekin jawaab ka intezaar nahi karti, isliye Valli bas muskura deti hai. Uski maa ek aam baat keh rahi hai: duniya mein jo kuch hota hai, woh sab koi nahi jaan sakta, aur kisi cheez ke baare mein jaanna use poori tarah samajhne jaisa nahi hai. “Oh, yes!” Valli dheere se kehti hai. Jab maa poochhti hai ki usne kya kaha, to woh baat sambhaal leti hai ki woh bas haan mein haan mila rahi thi. Aunty use ek chhoti ladki kehti hai jo badon ki baaton mein aise ghus jaati hai jaise unmein se ek ho. Valli mann hi mann muskuraati hai, ek aisi muskaan jise woh apne tak rakhna chahti hai. Bade log waise bhi use shayad hi padh paayenge.

7.3 Text ke baare mein sochna

Is story par board answers mein marks evidence par milte hain. Jab bhi tum koi quality batao, character ki koi baat ya kaam point karo, aur batao ki usse kya pata chalta hai. Neeche ke sections tumhare liye yeh evidence ikattha karte hain.

7.3.1 Valli aur uske aas-paas ke log

Valli ek chhoti ladki hai jiska iraada bada hai. Use har cheez ke baare mein curiosity hai, woh badon ki tarah plan karti hai aur use baby ki tarah treat kiya jaana bilkul pasand nahi. Phir bhi woh abhi bhi poori tarah ek bachchi hai: woh ek dare hue jaanwar par hansti hai, ek aurat ko uske jhumkon se judge karti hai aur akele town ghoomne se bahut darti hai. Table har trait ko us evidence ke saath jodti hai jise tum answer mein quote kar sakte ho.

Bade log bhi important hain, kyunki har ek dikhata hai ki bade bachchon se alag-alag tarah kaise pesh aate hain. Conductor Valli ko chhedta hai lekin uski hifaazat bhi karta hai, usse imaandaari se baat karta hai aur use ek asli passenger ki tarah treat karta hai. Dono buzurg passengers bhala chahte hain, lekin bada banna chahne wali ladki ko unki fikar dakhal-andaazi lagti hai. Uski maa aur aunty apni baaton mein itni mashgool hain ki unhe kabhi pata hi nahi chalta ki usne kya kiya.

7.3.2 Aath saal ki nazar se dekhna

Story third person mein batayi gayi hai, lekin narrator Valli ke vichaaron ke kareeb rehta hai, isliye point of view uska hai. Hum wahi notice karte hain jo ek aath saal ki bachchi notice karegi, aur cheezon ko waise hi judge karte hain jaise woh karti hai. Yeh raha evidence jo tum answer mein use kar sakte ho:

• Chalte ped. Ped bus ki taraf daudte, rukte, phir bhaag jaate lagte hain. Yeh personification hai, aur isi tarah ek bachcha khidki ka nazara samjhata hai (Fig. 7.1).
• Bhookhi bus. Gaadiyan aur paidal log aise lagte hain jaise bus unhe nigal jaayegi, phir bhi woh bach kar nikal jaati hai. Jahan ek bada aam traffic dekhta hai, wahan bachcha khatra aur jaadu dekhta hai.
• Kya mazedaar hai. Ghabraayi hui gaay use khatarnaak nahi, bahut mazedaar lagti hai.
• Paise. Thirty paise uske liye khazana hai, haalaanki ek ameer aadmi use lagbhag kuch nahi kehta.
• Bade hone ka saboot. Valli ke liye apna fare khud dena aur aath saal ka hona baat khatam kar deta hai.
• Shakal se judge karna. Use buzurg aurat uske jhumkon aur paan ki wajah se buri lagti hai, uski baaton ki wajah se nahi.
• Hairaani. Town dukaanon aur bheed ke baare mein excited exclamations ki jhadi ki tarah saamne aata hai.

Kyunki hum uski aankhon se dekhte hain, isliye jaate waqt hum bhi uska josh mehsoos karte hain. Isi wajah se mari hui gaay humein bhi utni hi zor se lagti hai jitni use.

7.3.3 Themes, title aur ending

• Curiosity aur badi duniya. Apni gali se aage dekhne ki ek bachchi ki chaahat poori story ko aage badhati hai.
• Independence aur bada hona. Valli chahti hai ki use seriously liya jaaye, aur ek hi dopahar mein woh sach mein thodi badi ho jaati hai.
• Planning aur self-discipline. Ek chhota sapna research, bachat aur patience se poora hota hai.
• Self-respect. Woh apna kharcha khud uthaati hai aur aise ehsaan mana karti hai jinhe woh lauta nahi sakti.
• Zindagi aur maut. Wahi gaay ek pal zindagi se bhari hai aur agle pal bejaan. Valli sach mein maut se milti hai.
• Jaanna banaam samajhna. Hum kisi fact ko jaan sakte hain bina use samjhe. Valli ka experience use woh samajh deta hai jo bade sochte hain ki uske paas nahi hai.

Title. “Madam” conductor ka chhedne wala naam hai ek aisi ladki ke liye jo lady ki tarah pesh aati hai. Yeh pyaar bhara aur thoda ironic hai: woh sirf aath saal ki hai. Phir bhi ant tak yeh title ek tarah se sach ho jaata hai. Jo ladki ek khilandad bachchi ki tarah gayi thi, woh kuch serious seekhkar lautti hai, aur use ek bade ki tarah apne tak rakhti hai.

Ending. Hum kitna kam jaante aur samajhte hain, is baare mein maa ki aam baat Valli ke din par bilkul fit baithti hai, haalaanki maa ko koi andaaza nahi. Aunty badon ki baaton mein ghusne ke liye uska mazaak udaati hai, jabki asal mein Valli hi akeli hai jisne woh jiya hai jiske baare mein woh baat kar rahe hain. Yeh dramatic irony hai: reader woh jaanta hai jo bade nahi jaante. Valli ki niji muskaan story ko chupchaap khatam karti hai. Fig. 7.4 mein dopahar bhar uski feelings follow karo.

7.4 Story mein language

Yeh story zyadatar baatcheet hai, isliye log kaise bolte hain usse pata chalta hai ki woh kaun hain. Is section mein tum bolne ke tareeke ko describe karne wale words seekhoge, phir speech ko reported speech mein badalne ki practice karoge, jo board grammar ka ek regular topic hai.

7.4.1 Log kaise bolte hain: adverbs aur reporting verbs

Writers shayad hi kabhi said par rukte hain. Woh ek adverb of manner jodte hain yeh dikhane ke liye ki words kaise nikle (she replied curtly), ya ek zyada tez reporting verb chunte hain (she snapped). Yeh choices feelings aur character ke clues hain, isiliye tumhari textbook ka Question 3 tumse inhe notice karne ko kehta hai.

Reporting verbs bhi tone batate hain: snapped (gusse mein), chimed in (kisi aur ki baat mein shaamil hua), mimicked (chhedne ke liye tone ki nakal ki), breathed (dheere se, feeling ke saath kaha), muttered, insisted aur pleaded. Parts II aur IV dobara padhte hue inmein se kai dhoondho.

7.4.2 Board link: reported speech

Reported speech mein tum kisi ke words apne sentence mein aage pahunchate ho, bina quotation marks ke. Jab reporting verb past mein ho (said, asked, told), to aam taur par teen cheezein badalti hain: pronouns (jo ab bol raha hai uske hisaab se), tense (past mein ek step peeche) aur time aur place words. Fig. 7.5 teeno badlav ek-ek karke dikhata hai. Agar reporting verb present mein ho (says), to tense nahi badalta.

Questions statements ban jaate hain. Yes/no questions mein if ya whether lagta hai; wh- questions apna question word rakhte hain. Dono mein subject verb se pehle aata hai aur question mark hat jaata hai. Commands aur requests mein told, asked ya ordered ke saath to + verb aata hai, aur negative ke liye not to.

• “Is this your first trip to Delhi?” the guard asked me. → The guard asked me whether it was my first trip to Delhi.
• “Where does this bus go?” Arjun asked. → Arjun asked where that bus went.
• “Hold the rail,” the driver told the boy. → The driver told the boy to hold the rail.
• “Don't lean out of the window,” Ma said to us. → Ma told us not to lean out of the window.

7.5 Speaking aur writing

7.5.1 Speaking: yaad rehne wali awaazein

Is story ka bada hissa baatcheet hai: conductor ke mazaak, buzurg aadmi ki chetaavni, buzurg aurat ke ek ke baad ek sawaal, maa aur aunty ki gappein. Tumhari textbook tumse kehti hai ki apni zindagi se aise logon ko yaad karo aur unki awaazon ko, apne jawaabon ke saath, zinda karo.

7.5.2 Writing: teen paragraphs mein ek page

Tumhari textbook teen mein se kisi ek subject par, teen paragraphs mein, lagbhag ek page maangti hai. Hamare words mein: ek plan jo tumne kisi bade ko shaamil kiye bina akele poora kiya; ek safar jo tum kabhi nahi bhoologe; ya road safety ko lekar tumhari chintaayein, sadkon ko zyada safe aur achchha banane ke ideas ke saath.

7.5.3 Text se aage

7.6 The Tale of Custard the Dragon

Zyada bahadur kaun hai: jo badi-badi baatein karta hai, ya jo khatra aane par kuch karta hai? Ogden Nash iska jawaab ek pet dragon se dete hain jiska sab darpok hone ke liye mazaak udaate hain. Pehle apni textbook mein poem zor se padho. Yeh sunne ke liye bani hai, aur iski beat tumhe saath le chalegi.

Ek ballad, aur ballads par ek mazaak. Ballad chhote stanzas mein, tez beat aur simple words ke saath ek story sunata hai, aksar ek refrain ke saath. Purane ballads bahadur knights ki kahaniyan sunate hain jo khoonkhar dragons ko maarte hain. Nash is parampara ko ulta kar dete hain. Unki poem ek parody hai, yaani ek comic nakal, jiska dragon-hero pinjre mein chhupna pasand karega.

Ek nazar mein. Chaar-chaar lines ke fifteen stanzas, jodi mein rhyme karte hue. Ghar mein hain Belinda naam ki ek ladki; Ink, ek kaala kitten; Blink, ek grey mouse; Mustard, ek peela dog; aur Custard, pet dragon. Unka ghar ek chhota safed ghar hai, aur unke paas ek chhoti laal wagon hai. Akela mehmaan ek pirate hai, aur woh zyada der nahi rukta. Fig. 7.7 track karta hai ki kaun bahadur baatein karta hai aur kaun sach mein bahaduri dikhata hai.

7.6.1 Poem stanza by stanza

Yeh notes samjhate hain ki har stanza kya karta hai aur uska matlab kya hai. Yeh poem ki jagah nahi lete: apni textbook inke saath khuli rakho.

• Stanzas 1–2: ghar ke log. Hum Belinda aur uske chaar pets se milte hain, har ek ka ek rang aur naam hai. Naam mazaak hain: Ink ink ki tarah kaala hai, Mustard peela hai aur sauce ki tarah tez, aur Custard ka naam ek naram, hilne wale pudding par hai, yeh clue ki yeh dragon koi hero nahi. Poet humein turant bata dete hain ki woh darpok hai.
• Stanza 3: Custard kaisa dikhta hai. Bahar se woh sab kuch hai jo ek darawna dragon hona chahiye: daant, kaante, scales, aag bhara munh, dhuaan chhodti naak aur chaakuon jaise panje. Mazaak uske darawne shareer aur uske darpok dil ke beech ke fark mein hai.
• Stanza 4: bahadur kaun hai? Belinda aur pets ki bahaduri ki tareef badi, badha-chadha kar ki gayi tulnaon se hoti hai. Akela Custard ek pinjre mein band rehna chahta hai jahan use kuch na pahunch sake.
• Stanzas 5–6: chhedna. Poora ghar Custard ka mazaak udaata hai: gudgudi, ek chidhane wala nickname (Percival), khilkhilahat aur har baar jab woh apna pinjra maangta hai to bure sawaal. Chhota sa mouse bhi shaamil ho jaata hai. 'Bahadur' log usko pareshaan karne ka maza lete hain jise woh kamzor samajhte hain.
• Stanzas 7–8: khatra. Ek achanak awaaz maze ko tod deti hai: ek pirate khidki se andar chadh raha hai. Nash use comic-book villain ki tarah draw karte hain, ek saath har pirate cliché ke saath, aur koi shak nahi chhodte ki woh nuksaan karne aaya hai.
• Stanza 9: 'bahadur' gaayab. Belinda bas peeli padkar madad ke liye chilla sakti hai, aur har pet apne comic tareeke se bhaag nikalta hai. Unmein se ek bhi nahi ladta.
• Stanzas 10–11: Custard hamla karta hai. Dragon badal jaata hai: shor machata, khankhanaata aur khoonkhar, woh shikaar par jhapatte bhookhe panchhi ki tarah toot padta hai. Pirate ki himmat aur hathiyaar uske saamne bekaar hain, aur ladaai ek comic gulp mein khatam ho jaati hai.
• Stanza 12: jashn. Jo ghar Custard ka mazaak udaata tha, ab use hugs, chaatne aur khushi ke naach se laad deta hai, aur pirate ke liye koi hamdardi nahi. Chhedna hero-worship mein badal gaya hai, kam se kam abhi ke liye.
• Stanza 13: bahaane. Khatra khatam hote hi pets itihaas dobara likh dete hain: har ek claim karta hai ki agar woh achanak na pakda gaya hota to do-teen guna zyada bahadur hota. Custard, behas karne ke liye bahut vinamra, bas maan leta hai ki sab usse zyada bahadur hain. Mazaak shekhi maarne walon par hai.
• Stanzas 14–15: wapas shuruaat par. Aakhri do stanzas pehle aur chauthe ko lagbhag waise hi dohraate hain, lekin present tense mein. Kuch nahi badla: baaki ab bhi bahadur kahe jaate hain, aur Custard ab bhi apna pinjra maangta hai. Reputations fixed rehti hain, chahe kaam ne unhe galat saabit kar diya ho.

7.6.2 Tone, humour aur message

Tone aur mood. Tone khilandad aur mock-heroic hai: Nash ek ladaai ki kahani nursery-rhyme wali awaaz mein sunate hain. Humour khaane aur stationery wale naamon se, realio, trulio jaise banaye hue words se, jaanwaron ki awaazon se, aisi cartoon violence se jo kabhi asli nahi lagti, aur sabse badhkar us palat se aata hai jismein darpok hero ban jaata hai. Mood shuru se ant tak halka aur khushnuma hai.

Message. Maze ke neeche ek asli idea hai. Sachchi bahaduri kaam mein dikhti hai, words mein nahi, aur aksar us chupchaap wale mein hoti hai jisse koi ummeed nahi karta. Khatra guzar jaane ke baad shekhi maarna aasaan hai. Jeet ke baad Custard ki vinamrata bhi ek tarah ki mahaanta hai. Aur aakhir mein, humein kisi ko label se judge nahi karna chahiye: jis dragon ko darpok kaha gaya, wahi akela ghar bachata hai.

7.7 Poet ka craft

7.7.1 Rhyme scheme aur rhythm

Rhyme scheme nikalne ke liye, pehli line ki aakhri awaaz ko letter A do, agli nayi awaaz ko B, aur aise hi aage. Is poem ka har stanza jodi mein, yaani couplets mein, rhyme karta hai: AABB. Beat tez aur uchhalti hui hai, zor se padhne ke liye bani hai, haalaanki Nash khushi se kuch lines ko baaki se lamba kheench dete hain.

Nash ki favourite trick comic rhyme hai: woh rhyme banane ke liye kisi word ko tod-marod dete hain, ya naya word bana dete hain. Belinda se match karne ke liye window winda ban jaati hai, aur household se rhyme karne ke liye mouse ek naye verb, mouseholed, mein ek hole mein ghus jaata hai. unmerciful jaise lambe word ko Percival naam se rhyme karwaya jaata hai. Yeh zabardasti ke rhymes maze ka hissa hain (Fig. 7.8).

7.7.2 Poetic devices aur imagery

Tumhari textbook ek simile deti hai, dragon ki poonchh dungeon mein lohe ki tarah khankhanaati hai, aur tumse aur dhoondhne ko kehti hai. Table main devices ko ikattha karti hai, saath mein yeh ki woh kahan milte hain aur har ek kya karta hai.

Alliteration, onomatopoeia aur hyperbole sab yahan ek hi kaam karte hain: pirate ke saath ladaai ko cartoon jaisa feel karaana. Chimney-nose wala metaphor ek monster ko ghar ke furniture ka ek hissa bana deta hai.

Imagery. Imagery humein bina bataye dekhne aur sunne deti hai. Custard ki kaanton bhari peeth aur dhuaan chhodti naak ki kalpana karo; pirate jiske dono haathon mein hathiyaar hain aur ek daanton ke beech; hanste jaanwaron se bhari chhoti laal wagon. Dragon ki poonchh ki khankhanaahat, mouse ki chee-chee aur dog ki yelp suno. Sabse achchhi action image hai Custard ka pirate par “like a robin at a worm” jhapatna: utaavla, bhookha aur sahaj, jaise pirates ko khaana duniya ka sabse aasaan kaam ho.

7.8 Writing: tumhara apna ballad

Ab apna ek ballad likho. Iska purpose entertain karna hai, isliye koi mazedaar ya hairaan karne wali story chuno. Pehle apni audience tay karo: classmates, chhote bachche ya tumhari family. Phir ek idea socho, apne material ko characters aur story mein baanto, likho, aur tab tak revise karo jab tak ise zor se padhne mein maza na aaye. Fig. 7.9 recipe deta hai.

Dekho kya ise ballad banata hai: problem aur twist wali simple story, kuch hi characters, AABB mein rhyme karte chaar line ke verses, ek refrain jo ant mein badal jaata hai, aur humour. Nash ki poem ki tarah, yeh bhi is par khatam hota hai ki sabse zor se bolne wale credit le lete hain jabki chupchaap hero kuch nahi kehta.

7.9 Board exam practice

CBSE papers is unit ko extract-based questions, lagbhag 40–50 words ke short answers aur lagbhag 100–120 words ke long answers se test karte hain. Har extract pehle apni textbook mein padho, phir usi se answer do. Har model answer un key points par khatam hota hai jo examiner dhoondhta hai.