From the Diary of Anne Frank: Class 10 English Chapter 4 Hinglish mein
First Flight · Hinglish notes aur practice · Official NCERT chapter PDF ↗
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Is chapter mein aap kya seekhenge
- Diary, journal, log aur memoir mein unke purpose aur language se farq pehchano
- Diary extract ko sahi order mein dobara sunao aur samjhao ki Anne Frank apni diary ko Kitty naam ki dost kyun banati hai
- Anne aur Mr Keesing ko unke kaamon ke evidence ke saath describe karo, aur samjhao ki Anne ek punishment ko joke mein kaise badal deti hai
- Compound words, phrasal verbs, idioms aur contracted forms ka sahi use karo, aur dictionary mein idioms dhoondho
- Natural diary language mein ek hafte ki diary entries likho, aur zor se padhi ja rahi diary ko sunte hue notes banao
- Robin Klein ki 'Amanda!' ke har stanza ko samjhao: uski do voices, uska tone, uski irony aur uske devices
- Unit par extract-based, short aur long board questions ke answers texts ke evidence ke saath do
NCERT English Class 10, Chapter 4, pp. 48–62 par based original companion text. Yeh NCERT se juda nahi hai aur NCERT ne ise endorse nahi kiya hai.
4.1 Padhne se pehle
Socho ki tumhara terahvaan birthday hai aur koi tumhe hard cover wali ek khaali notebook deta hai. Pehle page par tum kya likhoge? Hum mein se zyadatar log apni khabrein doston ke saath share karte hain. Lekin agar tumhare bahut saare dost hon aur phir bhi lage ki koi tumhe sach mein nahi jaanta, to? Yahin se yeh chapter shuru hota hai.
Prose text twentieth century ki sabse famous diary ka ek chhota sa extract hai. Iski writer, Anne Frank, Amsterdam ki ek Jewish schoolgirl thi. Pehle neeche uski life story padho: isse extract ki cheerful, cheeky voice tumhe alag tarah se sunai degi.
Anne Frank aur uski diary
- 12 June 1929
Frankfurt mein paidaish
Uski behen Margot usse teen saal badi thi.
- 1933–34
Family Amsterdam shift hoti hai
Germany mein Nazis power mein aa chuke the.
- 12 June 1942
Diary milti hai
Terahven birthday ka tohfa; usi din se woh likhna shuru karti hai.
- 6 July 1942
Chhupne chale gaye
Family Secret Annex mein chali jaati hai; baad mein chaar aur log unke saath aa jaate hain.
- 1 August 1944
Diary ki aakhri entry
Teen din baad chhupne ki jagah par raid hoti hai.
- 1945 ki shuruaat
Bergen-Belsen mein maut
Typhus se, Margot ke kuch hi samay baad.
- 1947
Diary publish hoti hai
Dutch mein Het Achterhuis (The Secret Annex) naam se; English mein 1952 mein The Diary of a Young Girl naam se.
4.1.1 Diary, journal, log ya memoir?
Diary personal record ki sirf ek kism hai. Teen aur records aksar isse confuse kiye jaate hain: journal, log aur memoir. Inmein farq karne ke liye do sawaal poocho. Yeh kiske liye hai? Aur yeh kab likha jaata hai: usi din, ya saalon baad? Fig. 4.1 inhe tumhare liye sort karta hai.
1/5Har record experience ko alag tarah se track karta hai.
Two-by-two grid mein chaar cards. Diary card par likha hai: daily thoughts, private feelings. Journal card par: ek trip ya event, roz-roz likha gaya. Log card par: exact time, date, official record. Memoir card par: beeti zindagi, saalon baad likha. Pehle step mein chaaron cards dikhte hain. Har agle step mein ek card highlight hota hai aur baaki dhundhle ho jaate hain: pehle diary, phir journal, phir log, phir memoir.
Left mein koi item tap karo, phir right mein uska match.
Answer dekho
- diary : din-ba-din private thoughts
- journal : ek journey ya project, din-ba-din
- log : official, exact times ke saath
- memoir : saalon baad yaad ki gayi zindagi
Answer dekho
Answer (D) log
Answer dekho
Answer (B) ek imagined dost ko letters ke roop mein likhi gayi diary
4.2 Diary padhna
Tumhari book ka extract teen parts mein bata hai: diary shuru karne ke baare mein Anne ke thoughts, ab tak ki uski life ka ek chhota sketch, aur school ke baare mein 20 June 1942 ki date wala ek lively letter. Har part textbook mein padho, phir neeche ke notes se check karo ki tum use samajh paaye.
4.2.1 Part I: Kitty naam ki ek dost
Anne zor se sochte hue shuru karti hai. Ek ladki jisne kabhi apna kuch nahi likha, woh diary kyun shuru kare? Pakka ek din koi bhi, khud woh bhi, ek terah saal ki ladki ke private thoughts ki parwaah nahi karega. Woh yeh shak jaldi door kar leti hai: use bas likhne ka mann hai, aur uske dil mein bahut kuch hai jo woh utaarna chahti hai.
Ghar par ek feeke, udaas din use ek purani kahavat yaad aayi, aur woh uske mood ko bayaan karti hai:
Paper has more patience than people.
Notebook kabhi bore nahi hoti, beech mein nahi tokti aur judge nahi karti. Anne ise apne tak hi rakhna chahti hai, jab tak ek din use koi sachcha dost na mil jaaye jiske saath woh ise share kar sake. Isse woh diary ki asli wajah tak pahunchti hai: uska koi sachcha dost nahi hai.
Upar se dekho to uske paas sab kuch hai: pyaar karne wale parents, solah saal ki ek behen, aunts, ek aaraamdeh ghar aur lagbhag tees log jinhe woh dost kehti hai. Phir bhi un doston ke saath uski baatein masti aur roz ki gapshap se aage nahi jaati. Koi kuch gehra share nahi karta, aur Anne imaandaari se sochti hai ki kya galti thodi uski bhi hai.
Isliye woh facts ki ek sookhi list nahi likhna chahti. Woh chahti hai ki diary khud woh close friend bane jo uske paas nahi hai, aur woh us dost ka naam Kitty rakhti hai. Yahan se uski entries letters hain jo Dearest Kitty se shuru hoti hain, ek aisi dost ke naam jo hamesha sunegi.
Answer dekho
Answer (B) Usne kabhi kuch nahi likha aur use shak hai ki kisi ko parwaah hogi.
Answer dekho
- (A) Use likhne ka mann hai.
- (B) Woh apne dil ka bojh halka karna chahti hai.
- (D) Uska ek bhi sachcha dost nahi hai.
Answer dekho
Answer Galat
4.2.2 Part II: Anne ki life, short mein
Kitty ko kuch aur batane se pehle, Anne samajhti hai ki thode background ke bina ek nayi dost kuch samajh nahi paayegi. Isliye woh apni life ka ek chhota sketch deti hai, halaanki woh kehti hai ki use yeh karna achha nahi lagta.
Family. Anne 12 June 1929 ko Frankfurt mein paida hui, apni behen Margot ke teen saal baad, aur chaar saal ki umr tak wahin rahi. Uske parents ki shaadi kaafi der se hui thi (uske father ki 36 par, uski mother Edith ki 25 par), aur saaf dikhta hai ki Anne apne father se bahut pyaar karti hai.
Shift hona. 1933 mein, jis saal Germany mein Nazis power mein aaye, family kuch mahino ke liye bikhar gayi. Uske father pehle Holland (Netherlands) chale gaye, aur uski mother September mein unke paas pahunchi. Is beech dono ladkiyan Aachen mein apni grandmother ke saath rahin, jo Dutch border ke paas ek German town hai. Margot ko December mein bheja gaya aur Anne ko February mein; Anne mazaak karti hai ki use apni behen ke birthday present ki tarah table par rakh diya gaya tha. Is journey ko Fig. 4.2 mein follow karo.
4/4Margot December mein Holland pahunchi aur Anne February mein.
Ek schematic map, scale par nahi, jismein left mein Netherlands aur right mein Germany ke beech ek dashed border hai. Amsterdam upar left mein hai, Aachen border ke paas Germany ke thoda andar hai, aur Frankfurt neeche right mein hai. Pehla step Frankfurt ko mark karta hai, jahan Margot 1926 mein aur Anne 1929 mein paida hui. Doosra step parents ke liye 1933 mein Frankfurt se Amsterdam tak ek arrow banata hai. Teesra step Frankfurt se Aachen tak ek arrow banata hai, jahan ladkiyan apni grandmother ke saath rahin. Chautha step Aachen se Amsterdam tak arrows banata hai, Margot ke liye December mein aur Anne ke liye February mein.
School. Holland mein Anne nursery se hi ek Montessori school mein padhi. Wahan uske aakhri saal, sixth form, mein uski teacher headmistress Mrs Kuperus thi. Saal ke end mein jab unhone goodbye kaha, to dono ro padin.
Grandma. 1941 ki garmiyon mein Anne ki grandmother beemaar thi aur unka operation hona tha, isliye Anne ka birthday lagbhag bina celebration ke beet gaya. Grandma January 1942 mein guzar gayin, aur Anne aaj bhi unhe bahut miss karti hai. Isliye 1942 ka birthday bada tha, pichhle saal ki kami poori karne ke liye, aur uski candles mein ek candle Grandma ke liye bhi thi. Sketch present mein khatam hota hai: chaaron log theek hain, aur aaj 20 June 1942 hai.
Answer dekho
Answer (D) Background ke bina Kitty uski kahaniyan samajh nahi paati.
Answer dekho
- (A) Woh unki maut ke baad bhi aksar unke baare mein sochti hai.
- (B) 1942 ke birthday par Grandma ke liye ek candle jali.
- Anne Frankfurt mein paida hoti hai
- Ladkiyan Aachen mein rehti hain
- Margot Holland jaati hai
- Margot Frankfurt mein paida hoti hai
- Anne February mein unke paas pahunchti hai
- Father Holland shift hote hain
Answer dekho
- Margot Frankfurt mein paida hoti hai
- Anne Frankfurt mein paida hoti hai
- Father Holland shift hote hain
- Ladkiyan Aachen mein rehti hain
- Margot Holland jaati hai
- Anne February mein unke paas pahunchti hai
4.2.3 Part III: Chatterbox essays
Kitty ko pehla asli letter, Saturday, 20 June 1942 ki date wala, exam ki ghabrahat se bhara hai. Jaldi hi teachers ki ek meeting tay karegi ki kaun agli class mein jaayega, aur class ne ise betting ka game bana diya hai. Do ladkon ne to apni holiday ki savings tak daav par laga di hain, aur kaun pass hoga is par unki khatam na hone wali behes Anne ko hansaati hai.
Anne ki apni raay seedhi hai: bahut saare classmates fail hone ke laayak hain, shayad ek chauthai, halaanki teachers ka kuch pata nahi chalta. Use ummeed hai ki woh aur uske dost pass ho jaayenge; sirf maths use pareshaan karta hai.
Uski ek hi problem hai Mr Keesing, uske purane khayaalon wale maths teacher (baaki aath teachers se uski achhi banti hai). Anne unki lessons mein itna bolti hai ki kai baar warning dene ke baad woh use likhne ke liye ek extra essay dete hain: A Chatterbox.
Us shaam woh dhyaan se sochti hai ki ise achhe se kaise kiya jaaye. Pages bharne ke liye kuch bhi likh dena aasaan hota, lekin woh bolne ke favour mein ek asli argument chahti hai. Uska teen page ka defence chalaak hai. Woh kehti hai ki baatein karna student hone ka hissa hai, aur uske case mein yeh inherited bhi hai: uski mother kam se kam utna hi bolti hain jitna woh, aur jo inherit hua hai use koi badal nahi sakta. Isliye woh ise control mein rakhne ki koshish karegi, lekin ise kabhi theek nahi kar sakti. Mr Keesing ko mazaa aata hai, phir bhi agle hi lesson mein Anne phir se baatein kar rahi hoti hai.
Isse use doosra title milta hai, An Incorrigible Chatterbox, jisse do lessons shaanti se guzarte hain. Phir Mr Keesing ka sabr toot jaata hai, aur teesra title use bewakoof dikhane ke liye hai: Quack, Quack, Quack, Said Mistress Chatterbox. Poori class zor se hans padti hai.
Naye arguments khatam ho chuke hain, to Anne apni dost Sanne se madad leti hai, jo achhi poet hai: dono milkar essay ko verse mein likhengi. Anne ka plan hai teacher ka mazaak ulta unhi par palat dena. Unki poem ek father swan ke baare mein hai jo apne teen ducklings ko kaat-kaat kar maar daalta hai kyunki woh bahut zyada quack karte hain.
Plan kaam kar jaata hai. Mr Keesing ko joke itna pasand aata hai ki woh poem ko apne comments ke saath kai classes mein share karte hain. Punishments ruk jaati hain, Anne ko bolne ki azaadi mil jaati hai, aur kabhi sakht rahe teacher ab khud class mein jokes karte hain. Fig. 4.3 dikhata hai ki yeh ladaai kaise aage badhti hai.
4/4Joke ulta Mr Keesing par padta hai, aur unhe mazaa aata hai. Anne ko bolne ki permission mil jaati hai.
Teen boxes left se right seedhi ki tarah upar chadhte hain, aur unke baad upar right mein ek result box hai. Pehle step mein sirf pehla box hai: essay 1, A Chatterbox, jismein Anne kehti hai ki baatuni-pan khandaani hai. Doosra step doosra box jodta hai: essay 2, An Incorrigible Chatterbox, jo teacher ko do lessons tak chup rakhta hai. Teesra step teesra box jodta hai: Sanne ke saath likhi swan aur ducklings ki poem. Chautha step result box jodta hai: Mr Keesing hanste hain, classes ko poem padhkar sunaate hain aur Anne ko bolne dete hain.
Answer dekho
Answer (A) Woh unki lessons mein bahut zyada bolti thi.
Answer dekho
Answer (C) Baatein karna student ka trait hai, aur use yeh apni mother se inherit hua hai.
Answer dekho
Answer Galat
Answer dekho
Answer (D) Sanne ke saath likhi funny poem ne unka dil jeet liya.
4.2.4 Words aur events ka order
Diary ke words
- Mr Keesing poem zor se padhkar sunaate hain
- Sanne poem likhne mein Anne ki madad karti hai
- Anne baatein karne par pehla essay likhti hai
- Class promotions par bet lagaati hai
- Anne apni family ke move ka sketch deti hai
- Anne apni diary ka naam Kitty rakhti hai
- Doosra chatterbox essay diya jaata hai
Answer dekho
- Anne apni diary ka naam Kitty rakhti hai
- Anne apni family ke move ka sketch deti hai
- Class promotions par bet lagaati hai
- Anne baatein karne par pehla essay likhti hai
- Doosra chatterbox essay diya jaata hai
- Sanne poem likhne mein Anne ki madad karti hai
- Mr Keesing poem zor se padhkar sunaate hain
4.3 Text par sochna
4.3.1 Anne ek insaan ke roop mein
Diary apne writer ko andar se dikhati hai. Anne jo apne baare mein kehti hai, usse hum kam seekhte hain; jo woh maanti hai, jis par hansti hai aur jo yaad karti hai, usse zyada. Fig. 4.4 uske chhe traits ko extract ke evidence se jodta hai.
3/3Doosron ke saath: loving, witty aur confident, thodi cheeky bhi.
Anne ka naam beech ke circle mein hai aur uske chaaron taraf chhe trait boxes hain: lonely, honest, imaginative, loving, witty aur confident. Pehle step mein sirf trait words dikhte hain. Doosre step mein teen inner-life traits ke neeche evidence aata hai: lonely ke liye asli dost nahi, honest ke liye khud ko kosti, imaginative ke liye diary = Kitty. Teesre step mein baaki teen ke neeche evidence aata hai: loving ke liye Grandma's candle, witty ke liye duck ki poem, aur confident ke liye class par munhfat.
Is mix par dhyaan do. Anne apne classmates ke baare mein tez ho sakti hai aur phir bhi apni grandmother ke baare mein naram. Woh ek teacher ko chhed sakti hai aur doosri teacher se bichhadte waqt ro bhi sakti hai. Humour aur feeling ka yahi mix wajah hai ki readers uski voice par bharosa karte hain.
Mr Keesing: poem se pehle aur baad
Shuru mein
- Anne ki baaton se pareshaan
- use baar-baar warning dete hain
- teen punishment essays dete hain
- use chhedne ke liye ek silly title chunte hain
Aakhir mein
- uske chalaak arguments par hanste hain
- uski poem, comments ke saath, kai classes ko padhkar sunaate hain
- use bolne dete hain aur extra homework band kar dete hain
- khud class mein jokes karte hain
4.3.2 Themes aur message
- Bheed mein akeli. Anne ke bahut dost hain lekin dil ki baat kehne ke liye koi nahi. Diary woh kami poori karti hai.
- Writing ek dost ki tarah. Feelings ko paper par utaarne se sukoon milta hai aur woh khud ko behtar samajh paati hai.
- Wit punishment par bhaari. Humour aur creativity woh conflict khatam kar dete hain jo behes se khatam nahi ho saka.
- Teachers bhi insaan hain. Ek sakht teacher joke samajhkar naram pad jaate hain aur khud par hanste hain.
- Pyaar aur yaadein. Father, grandmother aur ek favourite teacher ki pyaari yaadein poore sketch mein dikhti hain.
Is halke-phulke extract ke peeche ek dukh bhari irony bhi hai. Anne ko shak tha ki koi kabhi ek schoolgirl ke thoughts padhega. Is entry ke mushkil se do hafte baad uski family chhup gayi, aur baad mein uski diary duniya ki sabse zyada padhi jaane wali books mein se ek bani. Uska anjaam jaankar chatterboxes wale uske jokes aur bhi dil ko chhoo jaate hain.
Answer dekho
Answer (D) Ek outsider ki tarah jise background chahiye, lekin ek bharosemand dost bhi
Answer dekho
- (A) shuru mein strict
- (C) khud par hans sakte hain
- (D) unpredictable
Left mein koi item tap karo, phir right mein uska match.
Answer dekho
- Grandma ke liye jalayi gayi candle : loving
- punishment ka jawaab dene ke liye ek poem : creative
- woh shallow dosti ke liye khud ko blame karti hai : honest
Practice 4.3: Text par sochna: answers ke saath
Anne ko laga tha ki kisi ko kabhi ek terah saal ki ladki ke private thoughts ki parwaah nahi hogi. Kya history ne use sahi saabit kiya? Wajahein do.
Solution dikhao
No, she was wrong. Her diary was published in 1947, has been translated into more than seventy languages and is one of the most widely read books in the world. Readers care because it is an honest record of a young girl's life under Nazi occupation, and because her feelings are ones every teenager knows.
Anne ki writing ko un chaar records se compare karo jinhe tumne Section 4.1.1 mein sort kiya tha.
Uski writing chaar records mein se kiske sabse kareeb hai, aur kyun?
Solution dikhao
A diary: she writes about her own day, thoughts and feelings, privately and close to the time of the events.
Anne ne apni diary mein likhi.
Answer dekho
Answer Dutch
Woh Amsterdam mein rehti thi aur Dutch mein likhti thi; English translation ka naam The Diary of a Young Girl hai.Uski diary ek aam diary se kaise alag hai?
Solution dikhao
- It is written as letters to an imagined friend, Kitty.
- It gives background so that a reader can follow it.
- It is reflective and funny, with stories told in detail, not just dated jottings.
Anne Kitty ke liye jo family history likhti hai, uska point kya hai? Aur kya Kitty Anne ki duniya ke andar ki koi hai ya bahar ki?
Solution dikhao
Kitty is new and knows nothing about Anne, so without the sketch her stories would make no sense. In that way Kitty is an outsider. Yet Anne chooses Kitty as her one true friend and plans to share her deepest feelings with her, so emotionally Kitty becomes an insider.
Extract mein chaar logon ke liye Anne ki feelings describe karo: uske father, Grandma, uski purani headmistress aur uske maths teacher. Yeh feelings uske baare mein kya batati hain?
Solution dikhao
- Father: she adores him; he is the most lovable father she knows.
- Grandma: deep love; she still thinks of her and misses her.
- Mrs Kuperus: real affection; they cried at their farewell.
- Mr Keesing: amused at first by an old-fashioned man; later she enjoys his new humour.
Anne is warm and loving, forms strong bonds with people, and sees others with both feeling and humour.
Apne pehle punishment essay mein Anne ne kya argument diya?
Solution dikhao
She argued that talking is a natural trait of students. She promised to try to keep it under control, but said she could never cure it, because her mother talks as much as she does and nobody can do much about inherited traits.
Anne kehti hai ki koi predict nahi kar sakta ki teachers kya karenge. Kya Mr Keesing use sahi saabit karte hain? Samjhao.
Solution dikhao
Yes. After punishing her three times, we expect him to be angry at a poem that mocks his silly title. Instead he laughs, reads it aloud to several classes, lets Anne talk and starts joking in class himself. His reaction is the opposite of what we, and Anne, expected.
In mein se har moment Anne ke baare mein ek insaan ke roop mein kya batata hai?
Use shak hai ki doston ke saath closeness ki kami shayad uski apni galti hai.
Solution dikhao
She is honest and self-critical. Instead of blaming others, she looks at her own behaviour.
Woh chahti hai ki uski diary facts ki list nahi, ek dost ho.
Solution dikhao
She is imaginative and lonely. She longs for a confidant so much that she invents one.
Woh mazaak karti hai ki woh apni behen ke birthday present ke roop mein Holland pahunchi thi.
Solution dikhao
She has a lively sense of humour, even about her own childhood, and remembers family life fondly.
Do aur moments. Har ek Anne ke baare mein kya batata hai?
Woh kehti hai ki bahut saare classmates fail hone ke laayak hain, lekin teachers ka kuch pata nahi chalta.
Solution dikhao
She is frank and confident, a little sharp-tongued, and observant about adults.
Woh apne essay mein faltu baatein bharne se mana karti hai aur iske bajaay ek convincing argument dhoondhti hai.
Solution dikhao
She is intelligent and thoughtful. She takes even a punishment seriously and wants to do it well.
4.4 Language par sochna
Anne waise likhti hai jaise ek lively teenager baat karta hai: jude hue words, chhote add-ons wale verbs, rangeen fixed phrases aur I've aur can't jaise bahut saare short forms. Yeh section inmein se har ek ko practice aur answers ke saath samjhata hai.
4.4.1 Compound words
Compound word do ya zyada words ko jodkar ek aisa word banata hai jiska apna matlab hota hai. Compounds teen tarah se likhe jaate hain: closed (notebook, chatterbox), hyphenated (long-awaited, thirteen-year-old) ya open (fountain pen, bus stop). Dictionary batati hai ki kaun si spelling aam hai.
- Nouns: toothpaste, passer-by, birthday, schoolgirl
- Adjectives: hard-working, sugar-free, kind-hearted
- Verbs: proofread, spoon-feed, window-shop
Matlab hamesha parts ka jod nahi hota. Bookworm koi worm nahi hai, aur blackboard hara bhi ho sakta hai. Isliye compounds ko poore words ki tarah seekho, jaise tum koi bhi naya word seekhte ho.
| Compound (uska type) | Matlab, hamare example ke saath |
|---|---|
| bookworm (noun) | aisa insaan jise padhna bahut pasand ho. My cousin is a real bookworm; she reads on the bus. |
| eye-opener (noun) | koi cheez jo tumhe ek chaunkane wala sach dikhaye. The visit to the village school was an eye-opener. |
| short-tempered (adj.) | jise jaldi gussa aa jaaye. Don't be short-tempered with your little brother. |
| spoon-feed (verb) | kisi ki itni madad karna ki woh khud sochna band kar de. Good coaches don't spoon-feed their players. |
| outbreak (noun) | kisi buri cheez ki achanak shuruaat. An outbreak of dengue closed the hostel. |
| bystander (noun) | aisa insaan jo dekhta hai par hissa nahi leta. A bystander called the ambulance. |
| well-off (adj.) | jiske paas khoob paisa ho. They are well-off but live simply. |
| sightseeing (noun) | tourist ki tarah famous jagahein ghoomna. We spent the day sightseeing in Hampi. |
Left mein koi item tap karo, phir right mein uska match.
Answer dekho
- heart-warming : jo tumhe khush aur kind feel karaye
- landmark : aasaani se pehchani jaane wali jagah
- self-confident : apni qabiliyat par pakka bharosa
- breakthrough : ek important nayi discovery
Answer dekho
Answer (B) The well-known singer waved to us.
Answer dekho
Answer chatterbox
4.4.2 Phrasal verbs
Phrasal verb ek verb ko up, in ya on jaise ek chhote word (adverb ya preposition) ke saath jodta hai. Kabhi-kabhi matlab aasaani se samajh aata hai: She climbed up the tree mein words wahi kehte hain jo unka matlab hai. Aksar yeh jodi ek khaas matlab le leti hai: Look up the word ka matlab hai dictionary mein word dhoondhna, aur We ran out of rice ka matlab hai saara chawal khatam ho gaya.
Kuch phrasal verbs teen words ke hote hain, verb + adverb + preposition, jaise put up with (bardaasht karna), look forward to aur come up with (koi idea sochna). Sentence mein object in parts ko alag kar sakta hai: Hand your copy in ka matlab wahi hai jo Hand in your copy ka.
| Phrasal verb | Matlab, hamare example ke saath |
|---|---|
| plunge (right) in | bina introduction ke turant shuru kar dena. Don't plunge right in; read the question first. |
| keep back | kisi ko agli class mein promote na karna. Two students were kept back this year. |
| move up | agli class mein jaana. Ravi moved up to Class 10 with good marks. |
| ramble on | bina saaf point ke der tak bolna ya likhna. The speaker rambled on for an hour. |
| get along with | kisi ke saath dosti bhara rishta hona. I get along well with my cousins. |
| calm down | shaant aur relaxed hona, ya kisi ko karna. The coach calmed the team down before the final. |
| stay in | ghar par hi rehna. It was pouring, so we stayed in. |
| make up for | kisi nuksaan ya galti ko kam bura banana. He brought sweets to make up for missing my birthday. |
| hand in | teacher ya in-charge ko kaam jama karna. Hand in your project by Friday. |
| come up with | koi idea ya answer sochna. Meena came up with a clever plan. |
Answer dekho
Answer (C) We ran out of sugar this morning.
Answer dekho
Answer hand in
Answer dekho
Answer make up for
4.4.3 Idioms
Idiom words ka ek fixed group hota hai jiska matlab tum alag-alag words se nahi nikaal sakte. It's a piece of cake ka matlab hai kaam bahut aasaan hai; I'm under the weather ka matlab hai tabiyat theek nahi. Idiom ke words badle nahi ja sakte: aasaan kaam ke liye koi a slice of cake nahi kehta. Jin phrasal verbs ka matlab guess karna mushkil ho, unhe bhi idiomatic kehte hain.
| Idiom | Matlab, hamare example ke saath |
|---|---|
| quaking in one's boots | bahut dara hua ya nervous. Before the results, we were all quaking in our boots. |
| lose heart | ummeed chhod dena; himmat haarna. Don't lose heart after one bad match. |
| for ages | bahut lambe samay tak. I haven't seen my cousin for ages. |
| the joke is on someone | ek chaal usi par ulti pad jaaye jisne use plan kiya tha. He hid my bag, but the joke was on him: it was his bag. |
| catch someone's eye | kisi ka dhyaan kheenchna. A bright red kite caught my eye. |
| have had enough | aur bardaasht na kar paana. After the third power cut, Dad had had enough. |
| laugh oneself silly | bahut hansna, bina ruke. We laughed ourselves silly at the puppet show. |
| can't bring oneself to | khud ko koi mushkil kaam karne ke liye taiyaar na kar paana. She couldn't bring herself to sell her old cycle. |
| get something off one's chest | kisi chinta ke baare mein baat karna taaki tumhe behtar lage. Tell me what's wrong; get it off your chest. |
Answer dekho
Answer (D) Don't lose heart.
Answer dekho
Answer caught
Answer dekho
Answer (C) aur bardaasht nahi kar sakte the
4.4.4 Dictionary mein idioms dhoondhna
Idiom ya phrasal verb ko kahan dhoondhein? Pehle meaningful word se shuru karo, a, the, my ya to jaise chhote grammar words ko chhod kar. Phir use uske base form mein badlo, kyunki dictionaries mein catch hota hai, caught nahi, aur hand hota hai, handed nahi. Entry mein pehle word ke apne meanings aate hain; idioms aur phrasal verbs unke baad aate hain, learner's dictionaries mein aksar IDM aur PHR V se mark kiye hue. Agar idiom wahan nahi hai, to agla important word try karo: saari dictionaries ek hi rule follow nahi karti. Fig. 4.5 ek search step by step dikhata hai.
4/4Unke neeche, PHR V section hand something in deta hai: teacher ko kaam dena.
Upar sentence hai: She handed it in late. Pehle step mein words handed aur in highlight hote hain, jinke beech word it hai. Doosre step mein ek arrow handed ko uske base form, hand, mein badalta hai, aur note par likha hai: handed ka base form. Teesre step mein hand (verb) ki dictionary entry dikhti hai, jismein uska ordinary meaning number 1 par hai. Chauthe step mein us entry ka phrasal verb section chamakta hai: hand something in, yaani teacher ko kaam dena.
Word heart ke idioms ki poori family hai. Anne ki class ke bachche ek doosre se kehte rehte hain ki lose heart mat karna. Yahan kuch aur hain, hamare apne examples ke saath.
| Idiom | Matlab, hamare example ke saath |
|---|---|
| break someone's heart | kisi ko bahut dukhi karna. Leaving the village broke Dadi's heart. |
| close / dear to one's heart | kisi ke liye bahut important. Clean rivers are a cause close to her heart. |
| from the bottom of one's heart | poore dil se, sachchai se. Thank you from the bottom of my heart. |
| have a heart | please thoda reham karo (ek request). Have a heart and let the puppy in out of the rain. |
| have a heart of stone | bilkul bhi taras na aana. Only someone with a heart of stone could ignore that crying child. |
| one's heart goes out to someone | kisi ke liye gehri hamdardi feel karna. Our hearts go out to the flood victims. |
| learn something by heart | memorise karna, zubaani yaad karna. We learnt the national pledge by heart. |
| set one's heart on something | kisi cheez ko bahut zyada chahna. He has set his heart on joining the Navy. |
Left mein koi item tap karo, phir right mein uska match.
Answer dekho
- a heart of stone : bilkul taras nahi
- my heart goes out to them : mujhe gehri hamdardi hai
- from the bottom of my heart : poore dil se
- close to my heart : mere liye bahut important
Answer dekho
Answer (C) run
Answer dekho
Answer Galat
4.4.5 Contracted forms
Bolte waqt hum words ko daba kar jod dete hain: cannot ban jaata hai can't aur I have ban jaata hai I've. Yeh contracted forms apostrophe ke saath likhe jaate hain, wahan jahan letters chhoot gaye hain. Diary khud se baat karne jaisi hai, isliye Anne inhe hamesha use karti hai. Yeh plays, stories aur doston ko likhe letters mein bhi milte hain, lekin application jaisi formal writing mein nahi.
Do contractions mein dhyaan chahiye, kyunki har ek do full forms ke liye ho sakta hai. Uske baad aane wale word ko dekho.
| Contraction | Full form | Clue aur example |
|---|---|---|
| 'd | had | baad mein past participle aata hai: I'd finished (I had finished) |
| 'd | would | baad mein base verb aata hai: I'd go (I would go) |
| 'd better | had better | ek fixed expression: You'd better hurry (you had better) |
| 's | is | baad mein -ing, adjective ya noun aata hai: She's singing; she's tall |
| 's | has | baad mein past participle ya got aata hai: She's gone; she's got a cold |
Do traps. Passive sentence mein, past participle se pehle 's ka matlab is hota hai: it's made in Agra. Aur kisi naam ke baad 's possession dikha sakta hai, jo contraction hai hi nahi. Anne's diary ka matlab hai woh diary jo Anne ki hai.
- Ek hi full form wale: I've (I have), I'm (I am), don't (do not), doesn't (does not), didn't (did not), haven't (have not), won't (will not), can't (cannot), it's (it is), that's (that is), there's (there is), they're (they are), you're (you are), we'll (we will), who'll (who will), who's (who is).
- Do possible full forms, diary mein dono tarah use hue: I'd ka matlab I had hai jab Anne kehti hai ki usne apna baaki homework khatam kar liya tha ya use ek sketch de dena behtar hai, aur I would jab woh baad mein chinta karne ka faisla karti hai ya joke ko teacher par ulta palatne ka plan banati hai. Jab Mr Keesing ka sabr khatam hota hai, to He'd ka matlab he had hai. Mr Keesing's always making jokes mein 's ka matlab is hai.
Answer dekho
Answer (D) had
Answer dekho
Answer (B) has
Answer dekho
Answer would
Practice 4.4: Language: answers ke saath
Har compound word ko apne khud ke ek sentence mein use karo.
eye-opener
Solution dikhao
Sample: Cooking for the whole family for a week was an eye-opener; I finally understood how hard Ma works.
short-tempered
Solution dikhao
Sample: Hunger makes my little brother short-tempered, so we keep snacks in the car.
bystander
Solution dikhao
Sample: A quick-thinking bystander pulled the child away from the edge of the platform.
Har sentence ko diary ke ek aise phrasal verb ke saath dobara likho jiska matlab bold words jaisa ho.
My brother is good friends with our neighbour's son. → My brother our neighbour's son.
Answer dekho
Answer gets along with
Get along with ka matlab hai kisi se dosti bhara rishta hona; he ke saath gets aata hai.Please become quiet; the doctor will see you soon. → Please ; the doctor will see you soon.
Answer dekho
Answer calm down
Calm down ka matlab hai relaxed aur shaant hona.The guest talked for an hour without any point. → The guest for an hour.
Answer dekho
Answer rambled on
Ramble on ka matlab hai bina saaf point ke der tak bolna; past tense rambled on.Our team was not promoted to the senior league. → Our team was in the junior league.
Answer dekho
Answer kept back
Keep back ka matlab hai kisi ko aage na badhne dena; passive was kept back.
Diary ke in idioms ko apne khud ke sentences mein use karo.
laugh oneself silly
Solution dikhao
Sample: When Papa tried to dance at the wedding, we laughed ourselves silly.
can't bring oneself to
Solution dikhao
Sample: I know the old phone is useless, but I can't bring myself to throw it away.
catch someone's eye
Solution dikhao
Sample: I waved to catch the waiter's eye, but he was too busy.
have had enough
Solution dikhao
Sample: After two hours of traffic noise, the baby had had enough and began to howl.
Har contraction ka full form likho.
They're late again. → They late again.
Answer dekho
Answer are
They're = they are.He won't listen. → He listen.
Answer dekho
Answer will not
Won't will not ka irregular short form hai.It's rained all night. → It rained all night.
Answer dekho
Answer has
Rained past participle hai, isliye 's = has.You'd better hurry. → You better hurry.
Answer dekho
Answer had
'd better hamesha had better hota hai.
Contraction kis full form ke liye hai?
She'd never seen snow before that trip.
Answer dekho
Answer (A) she had
Seen past participle hai, isliye she had seen.If I had wings, I'd fly to Ladakh.
Answer dekho
Answer (C) I would
Ek imagined situation mein fly base verb hai, isliye I would fly.My sister's got a new job.
Answer dekho
Answer (B) my sister has
's got = has got.Who's knocking at the door?
Answer dekho
Answer (A) who is
Knocking -ing form hai, isliye who is knocking. Whose owner ke baare mein poochta hai.
4.5 Speaking, writing aur listening
4.5.1 Speaking: scene ko asli jaisa banao
Har word full form mein likha dialogue akda hua lagta hai, jaise koi robot form padh raha ho. Asli log don't, I've aur we'll bolte hain. Tumhari book ek one-act play ka scene deti hai jise zinda karna hai. Pehle neeche diye chhote scene par yahi skill practise karo.
4.5.2 Writing: tumhari diary ka ek hafta
Tumhara task hai ek hafte tak diary rakhna. Diary private hoti hai, lekin aise likho jaise ek din koi dost use padh sakta hai, jaise Anne Kitty ke liye likhti hai. Apne thoughts ko convincing banao, aise words chuno jo tumhari feelings dikhayein aur aankhon ke saamne tasveer banayein, aur har entry chhoti rakho.
5/5Fragments aur feeling words kuch hi words mein tumhara mood dikha dete hain.
Ek lined notebook page jismein ek chhoti entry hai aur right mein labels ka column. Pehle step mein saada page dikhta hai: date line, Dear Diary, likhaai ki chaar chhoti lines aur signature. Doosra step date line ko highlight karta hai aur use date aur day ka label deta hai. Teesra step line Woke up late again ko highlight karta hai aur use no subject label deta hai. Chautha step line Can't believe it's exam week ko highlight karta hai aur use contraction label deta hai. Paanchva step Rain, rain, no cricket ko highlight karta hai aur use fragment label deta hai, aur line Feeling low tonight ko feelings label milta hai.
4.5.3 Listening: zor se padhi gayi diary se notes
Textbook ke task mein tumhare teacher Samuel Pepys ki 1666 ki ek diary entry padhte hain jo Great Fire of London ke baare mein hai, aur tum sunte hue ek summary poori karte ho. Skill hai note-taking: pehli baar sunte hi dates, names, times, numbers aur places pakadna.
- Pehle: blanks padho aur andaaza lagao ki har ek mein kya chahiye: date, name, time, number ya place.
- Sunte waqt: sirf key words likho, poore sentences nahi. Numbers aur names ko dhyaan se suno.
- Baad mein: jab tak yaad hai, gaps turant bharo, phir har sentence ki grammar check karo.
Answer dekho
- (A) Sunne se pehle blanks padhna
- (C) Numbers, names aur times ko dhyaan se sunna
- (D) Sunne ke turant baad gaps bharna
Answer dekho
Answer (A) Yeh Great Fire jaise events ka eyewitness record hai.
4.6 Amanda!
Is unit ki poem ek aur ladki ke baare mein hai jo ek private duniya mein bhaag jaati hai, diary ke zariye nahi balki daydreams ke zariye. Padhne se pehle un instructions ke baare mein socho jo tum ghar par roz sunte ho.
Poem mein saat stanzas aur do voices hain. Stanzas 1, 3, 5 aur 7 ek adult ki awaaz hain, lagbhag pakka Amanda ki mother ki, aur har ek ladki ke naam par ek refrain ki tarah khatam hota hai. Stanzas 2, 4 aur 6 brackets ke andar hain, yaani ek parenthesis: yeh Amanda ke chupchaap daydreams hain, jo kabhi zor se bole nahi jaate. Fig. 4.7 yeh pattern dikhata hai.
1/5Odd stanzas: adult ke orders. Even stanzas, brackets mein: Amanda ke thoughts.
Do columns: left mein adult ki voice aur right mein Amanda ke sapne. Saat boxes page par zigzag mein neeche jaate hain: left mein stanza 1 habits aur posture, right mein stanza 2 shaant samundar mein mermaid, left mein stanza 3 homework aur room, right mein stanza 4 shaant street par orphan, left mein stanza 5 khaana, skin aur attention, right mein stanza 6 tower mein Rapunzel, aur left mein stanza 7 sulky aur moody. Pehla step saaton dikhata hai. Doosra, teesra aur chautha step baari-baari se samundar, street aur tower wale sapnon ko highlight karte hain. Paanchva step stanza 7 ko highlight karta hai, jise ironic ending ke roop mein mark kiya gaya hai.
4.6.1 Ek-ek stanza
Stanza 1. Poem Amanda ke body aur habits ke baare mein corrections ki lagaataar bauchhar ke beech se shuru hoti hai: woh apne nails ke saath kya karti hai, uske shoulders, aur uske baithne ka tareeka. Har order exclamation mark par khatam hota hai. Uske posture par bhi nazar rakhi ja rahi hai.
Stanza 2. Amanda mann hi mann ek shaant hare samundar mein chali jaati hai jo sirf uska hai. Mermaid ke roop mein use bas tairna hai, khush aur bina jaldi ke, aur use tokne wala koi nahi. Samundar shaanti, khuli jagah aur azaadi ka symbol hai.
Stanza 3. Adult habits se duties par aati hai: homework, bikhra hua room, gande shoes. Yeh questions jaise lagte hain, lekin koi answer expected nahi hai; yeh checks aur complaints hain. Aakhri line dikhati hai ki Amanda ko yeh pehle bhi kaha ja chuka hai.
Stanza 4. Ab Amanda khud ko ek orphan sochti hai, jo akeli aur nange pair ghoom rahi hai. Orphan ke koi parents nahi hote jo order dein, isliye yeh sapna azaadi ke baare mein hai, dukh ke baare mein nahi. Us life mein jo use sabse keemti lagta hai, woh ek line mein keh deti hai: "The silence is golden, the freedom is sweet."
Stanza 5. Khaana, looks aur attention: chocolate nahi, apne pimples ke baare mein socho, aur jab main bolun to meri taraf dekho. Aakhri order batata hai ki adult ne notice kar liya hai ki Amanda sun nahi rahi.
Stanza 6. Amanda Rapunzel ban jaati hai, fairy-tale ki woh ladki jo ek tower mein band hai aur apne lambe baal neeche latkati hai taaki doosre upar chadh sakein. Amanda ki Rapunzel befikr hai aur apne baal kabhi neeche nahi latkayegi. Use tower ki anokhi shaanti chahiye, aur woh na rescue hona chahti hai na disturb.
Stanza 7. Ab adult Amanda ke mood par hamla karti hai: sulking, hamesha moody. Phir aata hai twist: "Anyone would think that I nagged at you". Chhe stanzas ki nagging ke baad, yeh inkaar poem ki sabse tez irony hai: speaker khud ko dekh hi nahi paati.
Poem ke words
4.6.2 Speaker, tone aur theme
Ek poem mein do voices
Adult (stanzas 1, 3, 5, 7)
- orders, aise questions jinka answer expected nahi, exclamations
- tone: impatient, daantne wala, chidha hua
- manners, duties, health aur looks ki chinta
- kabhi nahi poochti ki Amanda kaisa feel karti hai
Amanda (stanzas 2, 4, 6)
- brackets ke andar shaant statements
- tone: shaant, khoya-khoya, kuch paane ki chahat bhara
- ek samundar, ek street aur ek tower imagine karti hai
- shaanti, azaadi aur akele chhod diye jaane ki chahat
Amanda shayad early teens mein hai: uske paas homework hai aur saaf rakhne ke liye ek room, aur use chocolate aur acne ke baare mein warning di jaati hai. Adult koi villain nahi hai. Uski chintayein aam hain aur care se aati hain. Lekin orders ki itni zyada ginti, aur jis tone mein woh aate hain, Amanda ko apni ek alag duniya mein dhakel dete hain.
Message: bachchon ko, khaaskar teenagers ko, thodi space aur azaadi chahiye. Lagaataar tokna, bhale achhe iraade se ho, unhe sunne par majboor nahi karta; balki woh aur door ho jaate hain. Poem dheere se adults se kehti hai ki bachchon ke saath baat karo, sirf un par bolo mat.
4.6.3 Poetic devices
| Device | Kahan | Asar |
|---|---|---|
| refrain aur repetition | naam Amanda! har adult stanza ko khatam karta hai aur unke andar bhi baar-baar aata hai | nagging jaisa lagta hai; pressure aur chidchidahat badhata hai |
| parenthesis | stanzas 2, 4 aur 6 brackets mein | bina bole thoughts ko mark karta hai; andar ki ek alag duniya |
| imagery | ek hara samundar, street par naram dhool, ek shaant tower | shaanti, khuli jagah aur azaadi ki tasveerein |
| allusion | Rapunzel, Brothers Grimm ki collect ki gayi fairy tale se | tower mein ek ladki; Amanda kahani ko ulat deti hai |
| alliteration | stanza 4 mein naram s sounds (silence, sweet, soft, street) | ek dheemi, shaant awaaz, tez orders se bilkul alag |
| rhyme | har dream stanza ki teeno lines ki ek hi rhyme hai (aaa) | sapnon ke liye smooth music; adult ke stanzas bas naam par khatam hote hain |
| metaphor | silence ko golden kaha gaya (stanza 4) | silence sone ki tarah keemti hai |
| symbolism | mermaid, orphan, tower | azaadi, kisi ka hukum na maanna, aur akelapan |
| irony | stanza 7 mein nagging se inkaar | dikhata hai ki speaker apna hi behaviour nahi dekh paati |
Answer dekho
Answer (C) Yeh Amanda ke bina bole daydreams hain.
Answer dekho
Answer Galat
Left mein koi item tap karo, phir right mein uska match.
Answer dekho
- mermaid : ek shaant samundar jo sirf uska ho
- orphan : khamoshi, aur hukum dene wala koi nahi
- Rapunzel : ek shaant tower jis par koi chadh na sake
Answer dekho
Answer (A) Chhe stanzas ki nagging ke turant baad adult nagging se inkaar karti hai.
Practice 4.6: Poem par sochna: answers ke saath
Poem mein kaun se clues Amanda ki umr ka ishaara dete hain? Tumhare hisaab se uski umr kya hogi?
Solution dikhao
She is probably about 12 to 14, in her early teens. She has homework, is old enough to be told to tidy her own room, and is warned about acne, which usually starts at puberty.
Amanda se kaun baat kar raha hai? Tumhe kaise pata chalta hai?
Solution dikhao
A parent, most likely her mother. The speaker controls her daily life at home (homework, room, shoes, food, posture) in the tone of a worried, irritated parent.
Stanzas 2, 4 aur 6 brackets ke andar hain. Yeh layout reader ko kya batata hai?
Solution dikhao
They separate Amanda's silent thoughts from the adult's spoken words. The brackets show that while the adult talks, Amanda has escaped into her own imaginary world.
Bracket wale stanzas mein kaun bolta hai? Kya woh doosre speaker par dhyaan de rahi hai?
Solution dikhao
Amanda herself. She is not listening: her mind is far away in her daydreams. The adult notices this and demands that she look at her while she is being spoken to.
Amanda ko stanza 2 ki mermaid ki tarah imagine karo. Uski life kaisi hogi?
Solution dikhao
She could float slowly and happily in a calm green sea where she is the only creature. Nobody would be there to give her orders, so she would be completely free.
Amanda khud ko ek orphan ki tarah imagine karti hai. Kya woh orphan hai? Use yeh idea kyun achha lagta hai?
Solution dikhao
No. She lives with at least one parent. She imagines being an orphan because an orphan has no parents to nag her, and she longs for that silence and freedom. It shows how tired she is of being corrected, not that she wants to lose her parents.
Rapunzel ki kahani ek-do lines mein sunao. Amanda uski jagah kyun lena chahti hai?
Solution dikhao
Rapunzel is a fairy-tale girl locked in a tower with no door, who lets down her long hair so that visitors can climb up. Amanda wants her peaceful, lonely life in the tower, but she would never let her hair down, so nobody could reach her and give her orders.
Teeno daydreams mein ek hi wish hai. Woh kya hai, aur woh Amanda ke character ke baare mein kya batati hai?
Solution dikhao
She longs for freedom, peace and time alone. She is imaginative and sensitive, tired of constant correction, and she copes by escaping into a rich inner world rather than by arguing.
Adult end mein Amanda ko sulky aur moody kehti hai. Kya yeh fair description hai? Wajahein do.
Solution dikhao
Not really. Her silence is withdrawal, not bad temper: she is simply escaping into daydreams. If she seems moody, it is because of the endless nagging. The adult blames Amanda's mood without seeing her own part in it, which is the poem's irony.
4.7 Board exam practice
CBSE literature section is unit ko teen tarah se test karta hai. Extract-based questions mein ek passage ya stanza diya jaata hai aur chhote, exact answers maange jaate hain. Short answers mein lagbhag 40–50 words chahiye: ek seedha answer aur text se ek-do details. Long answers mein lagbhag 100–120 words chahiye: ek opening sentence, do ya teen points jinmein se har ek text ke kisi event se backed ho, aur ek closing line. Neeche ke extracts ek description se bataye gaye hain; answer dene se pehle apni textbook mein milta-julta passage kholo.
1/4Paanch parts: open, teen points, close.
Ek ke upar ek rakhe paanch bars mil kar long answer banate hain, aur har ek ke paas uska word budget likha hai. Pehla step poora plan dikhata hai: opening line, evidence ke saath teen points aur closing line. Doosra step opening line ko highlight karta hai, lagbhag 15 words, jo question ka seedha answer deti hai. Teesra step beech ke teen bars ko highlight karta hai, har ek lagbhag 30 words, jahan har point text ke kisi event se backed hai. Chautha step closing line ko highlight karta hai, lagbhag 15 words, aur total lagbhag 110 words dikhata hai.
Answer dekho
Answer (C) 100–120 words
Answer dekho
- (A) ek opening jo question ka answer de
- (B) text ke events se backed points
- (D) ek chhoti closing line
Answer dekho
Answer Sahi
Extract-based questions: answers ke saath
Part I ka woh passage padho jahan Anne apne parents, behen, aunts aur bahut saare doston ki list deti hai, phir bhi kehti hai ki uska koi sachcha dost nahi hai.
Anne ko kyun lagta hai ki koi yakeen nahi karega ki woh akeli hai?
Solution dikhao
From outside she seems to have everything: a loving family, a good home and about thirty friends.
Anne ke hisaab se uski dostiyon mein kya kami hai?
Solution dikhao
They stay on the surface. She talks only about everyday things and having fun, and nobody shares anything personal.
Khud ko blame karne ki Anne ki taiyaari uske baare mein kya dikhati hai?
Solution dikhao
She is honest and self-aware, willing to look at her own faults instead of blaming others.
Passage mein jis word ka matlab hai 'kisi bharose wale insaan ko apne secrets batana', woh hai.
Answer dekho
Answer confide
Confide: Anne ko lagta hai ki woh aur uske dost kabhi ek doosre ko dil ki baat confide nahi karte.
Part III ka woh passage padho jahan Mr Keesing teesra essay dete hain aur Anne tay karti hai ki uska jawaab kaise de.
Class zor se kyun hans padi?
Solution dikhao
The title of the third essay, with its quacking, was so silly that it amused everyone.
Is essay ke liye Anne ko madad ki zaroorat kyun padi?
Solution dikhao
She had already used up her ideas on chatterboxes in the first two essays.
Kisne uski madad ki, aur kaise?
Solution dikhao
Her friend Sanne, who was good at poetry, helped her write the whole essay as a poem.
Punishment par Anne ke response ko kaun sa word sabse achhe se describe karta hai?
Answer dekho
Answer (D) resourceful
Teacher ki baat na maanne ya haar maanne ki jagah usne ek chalaak, creative raasta nikaala.
'Amanda!' ka stanza 4, orphan wala stanza, padho.
Amanda khud ko kya imagine karti hai, aur kahan?
Solution dikhao
An orphan wandering barefoot on a quiet, dusty street.
Yeh life use kyun achhi lagti hai?
Solution dikhao
An orphan has no parents to give orders, so she would enjoy silence and freedom.
Jis line mein silence ko golden kaha gaya hai, usmein poet kaun sa device use karta hai?
Answer dekho
Answer (C) metaphor
Silence ko like ya as ke bina golden kaha gaya hai: yeh metaphor hai, jiska matlab hai silence keemti hai.Stanza ki rhyme scheme kya hai?
Answer dekho
Answer (A) aaa
Teeno lines ek hi rhyme par khatam hoti hain, baaki dream stanzas ki tarah.
'Amanda!' ke stanzas 6 aur 7 padho, Rapunzel wale sapne se end tak.
Amanda apne baal kabhi neeche kyun nahi latkayegi?
Solution dikhao
So that nobody could climb up and disturb her peace in the tower.
Tower kis cheez ka symbol hai?
Solution dikhao
Solitude, privacy and freedom from the adult's orders.
Stanza 7 mein adult Amanda par kya ilzaam lagaati hai?
Solution dikhao
Of sulking and of always being moody.
Aakhri do lines mein irony samjhao.
Solution dikhao
The adult denies nagging, yet the whole poem is her nagging. She cannot see that her own behaviour causes Amanda's moods.
Short-answer questions (40–50 words): answers ke saath
Anne ne apni diary ka naam Kitty kyun rakha?
Solution dikhao
Anne had many friends but none she could confide in. She did not want a dry record of facts; she wanted the diary to be the true friend she lacked. Naming it Kitty let her write each entry as a letter to a trusted companion.
Key points: no true friend · diary as a friend · letters to Kitty.
Anne ne Mr Keesing ki punishment ko unhi par ek joke mein kaise badal diya?
Solution dikhao
When he set a silly title to mock her, Anne and her friend Sanne wrote the essay as a funny poem about a swan who bit his ducklings for quacking too much. Mr Keesing enjoyed it, read it to several classes and stopped punishing her.
Key points: silly title · poem with Sanne · teacher amused · punishment ends.
Anne ne apne pehle essay mein kya argument diya, aur Mr Keesing ne kaisa react kiya?
Solution dikhao
She argued that talking is natural for students and that she had inherited the habit from her talkative mother, so she could control it but never cure it. Mr Keesing laughed at her clever reasoning, though he punished her again when she kept talking.
Key points: student's trait · inherited from mother · he laughed.
Anne ko kyun laga ki notebook logon se zyada patient hai?
Solution dikhao
Paper listens without getting bored, interrupting or judging. Anne felt she could not share her real thoughts with her friends, whose talk stayed on everyday things. So the diary was the only place where she could pour out her feelings freely.
Key points: paper never tires or judges · shallow friendships · diary as an outlet.
Amanda mermaid banne ka sapna kyun dekhti hai?
Solution dikhao
As a mermaid she would float happily in a calm green sea where she is the only inhabitant. There would be nobody to correct her posture or habits. The dream expresses her longing for peace and freedom from constant orders.
Key points: calm sea · alone · free of orders.
Poet kaise dikhata hai ki adult Amanda ko nahi samajhti?
Solution dikhao
The adult only gives orders and asks questions that expect no answer. She never asks how Amanda feels, does not notice the daydreams, calls her moody and even denies nagging. The two voices never meet, which shows the gap between them.
Key points: only orders · ignores feelings · two voices never meet · ironic denial.
Practice questions answers ke saath (NCERT “Long-answer questions (100–120 words)”)
Extract mein Anne Frank jaisi dikhti hai, uska character sketch likho.
Solution dikhao
Anne is a thoughtful, lively thirteen-year-old. She is lonely in spite of many friends, and honest enough to wonder whether the lack of closeness is her own fault. Her imagination turns a notebook into a friend called Kitty. She is warm and loving: she adores her father, cried when leaving Mrs Kuperus and lights a candle for her grandmother. She is also witty and confident. Punished for talking, she argues cleverly that the habit runs in the family, and finally answers a silly title with a funny poem that wins the teacher over. Above all, Anne is frank and full of life, which makes her diary so moving.
Key points: lonely and honest · imaginative (Kitty) · loving (father, Grandma, Mrs Kuperus) · witty and confident (essays, poem).
Mr Keesing ek sakht teacher se aise teacher ban jaate hain jo class mein jokes karte hain. Yeh badlaav kis wajah se aata hai, aur yeh achhi teaching ke baare mein kya batata hai?
Solution dikhao
At first Mr Keesing is annoyed by Anne's chatter and punishes her with essays, even choosing a silly title to tease her. Anne's clever reply, a funny poem, changes everything. Instead of feeling insulted, he laughs, reads the poem to several classes and lets her talk. His change suggests that good teachers can laugh at themselves and value creativity. Strict rules may control a class, but recognising a student's talent builds respect. By rewarding Anne's wit rather than crushing it, he wins her goodwill and becomes a happier teacher himself. Discipline works best when it is mixed with understanding and a sense of humour.
Key points: strict at first · poem changes him · values wit · humour plus discipline · your own view.
'Amanda!' dikhati hai ki lagaataar nagging ek bachche par kaisa asar daalti hai. Parents ko iske bajaay teenagers ko kaise guide karna chahiye? Poem ke reference ke saath answer do.
Solution dikhao
In the poem, the adult fires orders about posture, homework, food and mood without once asking how Amanda feels. The result is not obedience but escape: Amanda withdraws into dreams of being a mermaid, an orphan and Rapunzel, all images of freedom and solitude. When she is called moody, we see that the nagging itself has caused it. Parents should guide teenagers through conversation, not commands. They can explain the reasons behind rules, choose the few that matter most, listen to their children's views and allow some private space. Teenagers who feel heard are more likely to accept advice, and less likely to shut their parents out.
Key points: orders without listening · withdrawal into dreams · mood caused by nagging · talk, explain, listen, allow space.
Anne aur Amanda dono apni ek private duniya banati hain. Dono ladkiyon ko compare karo.
Solution dikhao
Anne and Amanda are both young teenagers who feel unheard. Anne has many friends but no one to confide in, so she turns her diary into a friend, Kitty, and pours out her thoughts on paper. Amanda is surrounded by an adult's endless orders, so she escapes into silent daydreams of a calm sea, a quiet street and a peaceful tower. Anne's private world is active and creative: she writes, argues and jokes. Amanda's is a retreat: she says nothing aloud. Both show that young people need space, and someone who truly listens, to be themselves. Anne finds hers through words; Amanda, through imagination.
Key points: both unheard · diary vs daydreams · active vs withdrawn · need for space.
Summary aur key points
- Diary mein roz ke private thoughts hote hain; journal ek journey ya project ko follow karta hai; log ek official timed record hai; memoir ek zindagi ko peeche mudkar dekhta hai (Section 4.1.1).
- Anne Frank (1929–1945) ne apni diary Dutch mein likhi jab uski Jewish family Amsterdam mein Nazis se chhupi hui thi (Section 4.1).
- Anne ke bahut dost hain lekin koi sachcha dost nahi, isliye woh diary ko apni dost, Kitty, bana leti hai (Section 4.2.1).
- Woh apni life ka sketch deti hai: Frankfurt mein paidaish, 1933–34 mein Holland shift hona, ek pyaari grandmother aur teacher (Section 4.2.2).
- Baatein karne ki saza mein teen essays milne par Anne chalaaki se argue karti hai aur aakhir mein ek funny poem se Mr Keesing ka dil jeet leti hai (Section 4.2.3).
- Anne lonely, honest, imaginative, loving, witty aur confident hai; Mr Keesing dikhate hain ki teachers badal sakte hain (Section 4.3).
- Compound words words ko jodte hain; phrasal verbs aur idioms ka matlab aksar unke parts se zyada hota hai (Section 4.4.1, Section 4.4.2, Section 4.4.3).
- Idiom ko uske pehle meaningful word ke base form ke neeche dhoondho; idioms ordinary meanings ke baad aate hain (Section 4.4.4).
- 'd ka matlab had ya would hai aur 's ka is ya has; agla word batata hai kaun sa (Section 4.4.5).
- Diary language informal hoti hai: subject nahi, fragments, contractions aur roz ke phrases (Section 4.5.2).
- 'Amanda!' mein ek adult ki nagging aur brackets mein Amanda ke samundar, street aur tower ke sapne baari-baari se aate hain (Section 4.6.1).
- Poem ka refrain, imagery, allusion aur aakhri irony ek bachche ki azaadi aur space ki zaroorat dikhate hain (Section 4.6.3).
Apna NCERT exercise question dhoondo
Hamare practice questions ncert.ai ke liye likhe gaye hain aur NCERT exercises ko follow karte hain. Apni textbook ke question se match karne wala question dhoondo; uska answer uske saath hai.
Quick check: MCQs
- 4.1.1 Diary, journal, log ya memoir?3 questions
- 4.2.1 Part I: Kitty naam ki ek dost3 questions
- 4.2.2 Part II: Anne ki life, short mein3 questions
- 4.2.3 Part III: Chatterbox essays4 questions
- Events ka order1 question
- 4.3.2 Themes aur message3 questions
- 4.4.1 Compound words3 questions
- 4.4.2 Phrasal verbs3 questions
- 4.4.3 Idioms3 questions
- 4.4.4 Dictionary mein idioms dhoondhna3 questions
- 4.4.5 Contracted forms3 questions
- 4.5.3 Listening: zor se padhi gayi diary se notes2 questions
- 4.6.3 Poetic devices4 questions
- Exam technique3 questions
Key terms (English + Hindi)
- allusion
- Kisi famous kahani, insaan ya event ka chhota sa reference, jise reader se pehchanne ki ummeed ki jaati hai.Chapter mein pehli baar yahan aaya →
- compound word
- Do ya zyada words jodkar bana word, jaise notebook, well-known ya bus stop.Chapter mein pehli baar yahan aaya →
- contracted form
- Apostrophe ke saath likha gaya ek chhota spoken form, jaise cannot ke liye can't ya I have ke liye I've.Chapter mein pehli baar yahan aaya →
- diaryदैनंदिनीdainandini
- Ek private book jismein tum likhte ho ki har din kya hua aur tumhe us baare mein kaisa laga.Chapter mein pehli baar yahan aaya →
- idiomमुहावराmuhavara
- Words ka ek fixed group jiska matlab tum alag-alag words se nahi nikaal sakte, jaise lose heart.Chapter mein pehli baar yahan aaya →
- imagery
- Aise words jo reader ke mann mein tasveerein, awaazein ya feelings banate hain.Chapter mein pehli baar yahan aaya →
- ironyविडंबनाvidambana
- Jo kaha gaya aur jo sach mein hai, unke beech ka contrast, ya jo hum expect karte hain aur jo hota hai, unke beech ka.Chapter mein pehli baar yahan aaya →
- journal
- Kisi journey, project ya time period ka din-ba-din poora record.Chapter mein pehli baar yahan aaya →
- log
- Exact dates aur times ke saath events ka official record, jaise ship ka ya guard ka log.Chapter mein pehli baar yahan aaya →
- memoirसंस्मरणsansmaran
- Writer ka apni hi life ka account, saalon baad peeche mudkar likha gaya.Chapter mein pehli baar yahan aaya →
- parenthesis
- Main text se alag, brackets ke andar rakhe words; poem mein yeh aksar private thoughts dikhate hain.Chapter mein pehli baar yahan aaya →
- phrasal verb
- Adverb ya preposition (ya dono) ke saath ek verb jiska matlab aksar uske parts se alag hota hai, jaise hand in ya put up with.Chapter mein pehli baar yahan aaya →
- refrain
- Poem mein regular taur par baar-baar aane wala word ya line, aksar har stanza ke end mein.Chapter mein pehli baar yahan aaya →