Mijbil the Otter: Class 10 English Chapter 6 Hinglish mein

6.1 Padhne se pehle

Kya tumne kabhi ghar walon se puppy, tota ya fish tank ke liye zid ki hai? Ab aise pet ki kalpana karo jise bathtub, ek stream aur bahut saara patience chahiye. 1956 mein Scottish writer Gavin Maxwell ne bilkul aisa hi saathi chuna: ek otter (ऊदबिलाव), ek aisa animal jise Britain mein lagbhag koi bhi ghar mein nahi paalta tha. Yeh chapter Mijbil ke saath unke pehle hafton ki sacchi kahani hai. Ise apni NCERT book mein padho; yeh page uske saath tumhara study companion hai.

Ghar khaali-khaali lagta tha. Apne dog ki maut ke baad Maxwell doosra dog laane ki himmat nahi kar paaye, phir bhi unhe aas-paas kisi animal ki kami khalti thi. Unka door-daraaz ghar, jise woh Camusfearna kehte hain, Scotland ke west coast par ek cottage hai jiske lagbhag darwaze tak samundar hai. Kyunki Maxwell apni kahani I use karke sunate hain, woh narrator bhi hain aur ek character bhi, aur hum sab kuch unki aankhon se dekhte hain.

6.2 Kahani padhna

Is hisse ke chaar numbered parts hain. Part I mein otter Maxwell ke haath aata hai. Part II mein dono ek doosre ko jaanne lagte hain. Part III Britain ki taraf ek hadbadi bhari flight hai, aur Part IV mein Mij London ke logon ko hairaan karta hai. Dhyaan do ki mood kitni baar khushi aur musibat ke beech jhoolta hai, jaise Fig. 6.2 mein.

6.2.1 Part I: Basra mein lamba intezaar

Kahani 1956 ki shuruaat mein southern Iraq mein shuru hoti hai. Maxwell apne paani kinaare wale cottage ke liye dog ki jagah otter rakhne ka idea soch rahe the. Unke safar ke saathi aaraam se seedha source bata dete hain: Tigris marshes, jahan otters har jagah hain aur local log aksar paaltu otters rakhte hain.

Basra mein, jahan woh British Consulate-General par daak lete hain, sirf dost ki chitthiyan aayi hain. Maxwell ke ghar bheje cable ka koi jawab nahi aata, aur teen din tak telephone karne ki koshishein ek fault, ek dharmik chhutti aur phir ek aur breakdown ki wajah se nakaam ho jaati hain. Dost aage chale jaate hain; Maxwell ki daak aakhir paanch din baad aati hai.

Jab woh use padhne apne bedroom mein jaate hain, to wahan do local aadmi ek bore ke paas ukdu baithe intezaar kar rahe hote hain, jo beech-beech mein hilta hai. Dost ka ek note sab samjha deta hai: otter aa gaya hai.

6.2.2 Part II: Mij ko jaanna

Maxwell us pal ko zindagi bhar ke junoon ki shuruaat maante hain; tab se woh kai otter owners se mil chuke hain, aur sab isi tarah deewane hain. Bore se jo jaanwar ludhak kar nikalta hai, woh bilkul pet jaisa nahi dikhta. Sookhi mitti ki parton se kavach jaisa dhaka, woh unhe medieval tasveeron ke ek chhote dragon ki yaad dilaata hai. Ek mahine baad hi saari mitti utarti hai aur uska asli brown coat dikhta hai.

Maxwell uska naam Mijbil rakhte hain, ya chhota karke Mij. Baad mein zoologists pata lagaate hain ki Mij otter ki ek aisi kism ka hai jise science ne kabhi describe nahi kiya tha. Woh use laane wale insaan ke naam par uska naam Lutrogale perspicillata maxwelli, yaani Maxwell's otter, rakhte hain.

Pehle din Mij doori banaye rakhta hai, na pyaar dikhata hai na gussa, aur floor par Maxwell se sabse door wali jagah chunta hai. Lekin doosri raat ke tadke woh upar chadh kar subah tak Maxwell ke ghutnon ke peeche simat kar sota hai. Uske baad se woh apne aas-paas ki har cheez ke baare mein curious rehta hai.

Ghar par bane harness mein Mij ko bathroom le jaaya jaata hai, jahan woh tub mein aadha ghanta khushi se bitaata hai: dubki lagata hai, lotta hai aur paani ko mathta hai. Maxwell seekhte hain ki yeh aam baat hai: otter ke liye thehra paani bekaar hai, isliye har bowl ulat diya jaata hai, ya agar ulte nahi to usmein ghus kar tab tak chhapaak kiya jaata hai jab tak paani gir na jaaye. Do din baad Mij chupke se nikalta hai, bhaag kar bathroom jaata hai, tub par chadhta hai aur ek minute ke andar tap ghuma kar khol deta hai. Baad mein jab woh tap ulti taraf ghumata hai aur woh aur tight ho jaata hai, to woh chidh kar us par chatter karta hai.

Kuch hi dinon mein lead ki zaroorat nahi rehti: Mij Maxwell ke peeche-peeche chalta hai aur apne naam par jawab deta hai. Uske din khel se bhare rehte hain. Ek rubber ball football ban jaati hai jise woh chaaron panjon se dribble karta hai ya sir ke jhatke se upar uchhaal deta hai. Uski favourite trick hai peeth ke bal lete hue pet par marbles ghumana, bina ek bhi giraaye.

6.2.3 Part III: London ke raaste mein musibat

Basra ke shaant din ek badi chinta ke saath khatam hote hain: Mij ko Britain kaise le jaayein. British airline animals nahi le jaati, isliye Maxwell Paris aur aage London ke liye doosri airline book karte hain. Mij ko ek aise box mein safar karna hai jiski har side atharah inch (lagbhag 45 cm) se zyada na ho, aur jo Maxwell ke pairon ke paas floor par rakha jaaye.

Nikalne se ek ghanta pehle Maxwell Mij ko aadat daalne ke liye naye box mein band karte hain, aur jaldi se khaana khaane chale jaate hain. Lautne par box ajeeb tarah se shaant milta hai aur uske hawa ke chhedon ke aas-paas sookhe khoon ki dhaariyan hoti hain. Dhakkan khulte hi thaka-haara, khoon se lathpath Mij sahaare ke liye Maxwell se chipak jaata hai; ghabrahat mein usne box ki lining ke tukde-tukde kar diye hain. Har nukeela tukda nikaalne mein samay lagta hai, aur ab departure mein sirf das minute bache hain aur airport paanch mile (8 km) door hai. Dukhi otter ko wapas daal kar haath se dhakkan band rakhne ke alawa koi chaara nahi.

Ek tez-raftaar drive aur kuch gusse wale officials ke baad Maxwell apni front-row seat par hain, pairon ke aas-paas akhbaar bichha hai. Woh air hostess ko poora drama bata dete hain aur Mij ki fish use thanda rakhne ke liye de dete hain. Jab woh kehti hai ki shayad woh apne pet ko god mein rakhna chahenge, to woh bahut shukraguzaar hote hain. Jaise woh khud maante hain, tab tak woh otters ko jaante nahi the.

Dhakkan uthte hi Mij gaayab, cabin mein bhaagta hua. Phir hungaama: passengers cheekhte hain, aur ek aurat apni seat par khadi hokar use chooha samajh leti hai. Maxwell gaayab hoti poonchh par jhapatte hain, chook jaate hain, aur unka poora chehra curry se bhar jaata hai. Shaant air hostess unhe wapas seat par bhejti hai aur khud search sambhal leti hai. Jaldi hi Mij khud raasta dhoondh kar wapas aata hai, apne dost ko pehchaan kar awaaz deta hai, aur uchhal kar unse lipat jaata hai.

6.2.4 Part IV: London mein Mij

Maxwell ke London flat mein, jahan woh lagbhag ek mahina rukte hain, Mij ke paas khilaunon ka ek box hai, jismein uske ghar ke marsh se laaya ek chhote kachhue ka shell bhi hai. Lekin uska sabse achha game woh hai jo usne khud banaya. Safar mein mud gaya ek suitcase ab dhalaan wale dhakkan ke saath band hota hai. Mij use ping-pong ball ki slide bana deta hai: ball upar, bhaag kar neeche, ghaat lagakar hamla, aur phir wapas upar (Fig. 6.3). Yeh game use aadhe ghante tak busy rakh sakta hai.

Bahar Maxwell use dog ki tarah lead par ghumaate hain, aur jaldi hi Mij ki kuch pakki chhoti-chhoti aadatein ban jaati hain, jaise kuch bachche footpath ki har daraar se bachte hain ya corridor ke har pillar ko chhoote hain. Sirf wapsi mein, nikalte waqt kabhi nahi, woh Maxwell ko flat ke saamne wale primary school ki taraf kheench le jaata hai, jiski lagbhag do feet (60 cm) oonchi neechi deewar hai. Woh upar koodta hai aur ek sire se doosre sire tak daudta hai, jabki andar classes apne lessons bhool jaati hain.

Bahut kam Londoners ne kabhi otter dekha hai, aur unke andaaze Maxwell ko hairaan kar dete hain. Log otter ke apne family ke lagbhag har member ka naam lete hain, sivaay sahi wale ke. Phir aur bhi ajeeb ideas aate hain: walrus aur hippo se lekar seal pup, gilahri, bhaalu ka bachcha, beaver, leopard aur yahan tak ki dinosaur bhi. Inaam sadak khodne wale ek mazdoor ko jaata hai. Woh kaam rok kar aise ghoorta hai jaise koi uska mazaak uda raha ho, aur phir rookhe andaaz mein Maxwell se poochhta hai ki aakhir yeh cheez hai kya.

6.3 Text ke baare mein sochna

Is hisse par achhe answers is par tike hote hain ki Mij kya karta hai aur Maxwell use kaise batate hain. Mij ke har action ko evidence maano: woh ek quality dikhaata hai, aur aksar ek feeling bhi. Neeche ki table uske nature ke chaar pehluon ke evidence ikattha karti hai.

6.3.1 Otters ke baare mein hum kya seekhte hain

• Britain mein woh itne kam hain ki zyada tar Londoners ek ko pehchaan bhi nahi paaye.
• Unhe paani pasand hai aur woh use hilaate rehte hain: chhapaak karna, bowls ulatna aur unmein baith jaana.
• Woh khilandde hain: peeth ke bal lete hue chhoti cheezein uchhaalte hain aur gardan ke jhatke se ball phenk sakte hain.
• Woh intelligent hain aur jaldi seekhte hain: Mij ne apna naam seekha, lead ke saath aur bina lead ke peeche chala aur tap chalaaya.
• Unhe paaltu banaya ja sakta hai aur woh kisi ek insaan se gehraai se jud jaate hain.
• Woh weasel family (mustelids) mein aate hain, aur Mij ki kism science ke liye nayi thi.

Mij ki kism ko Maxwell's otter kyun kehte hain? Jin zoologists ne uski jaanch ki, unhe pata chala ki woh otter ki ek aisi race, ya subspecies, ka tha jise kisi scientist ne pehle describe nahi kiya tha. Jab kisi naye animal ka naam rakha jaata hai, to aksar use saamne laane wale insaan ke naam par rakha jaata hai, isliye nayi subspecies Lutrogale perspicillata maxwelli bani. Aaj ise smooth-coated otter ki subspecies maana jaata hai, wahi species jo India ki kai nadiyon ke kinaare rehti hai.

6.3.2 Actions se feelings padhna

Maxwell Mij se poochh nahi sakte ki use kaisa lag raha hai, isliye woh otter ka mood uske behaviour se padhte hain aur humein batate hain ki unke hisaab se Mij kya mehsoos karta hai. Yahi skill khud try karo.

6.3.3 Maxwell ise kaise batate hain

Maxwell ek naturalist hain, isliye woh dhyaan se dekhte hain aur chhoti details note karte hain: tap kis taraf ghoomta hai, game kitni der chalta hai, deewar kitni lambi hai. Woh ek comic writer bhi hain. Woh Mij jitna hi khud par bhi hanste hain, aur aksar otter ko moods, games aur apne private rules wale ek natkhat chhote ladke ki tarah describe karte hain. Is tarah kisi animal ko insaani feelings aur aadatein dena anthropomorphism kehlaata hai.

Zyada tar humour chaunkaane wali comparisons se aata hai. Simile (उपमा) like ya as use karke do cheezon ko compare karta hai, aur hyperbole (अतिशयोक्ति) jaan-boojh kar baat ko badha-chadha kar kehta hai. Fig. 6.4 Maxwell ki chaar comparisons ko saath-saath rakhta hai, aur batata hai ki har ek humein kya dikhaati hai.

6.4 Language ke baare mein sochna

NCERT ka language work kahani se hi nikalta hai. Ismein dekha gaya hai ki Maxwell Mij ki roz ki aadatein kaise describe karte hain, nouns se pehle woh kaise detailed phrases banate hain, aur un cheezon ko kaise naapte hain jinhe gina nahi ja sakta.

6.4.1 Past habits: would aur used to

Jo baatein past mein baar-baar hoti thi lekin ab nahi hoti, unhe describe karne ke liye English mein do tools hain: would + verb aur used to + verb. Dono baar-baar hone wale actions ke liye kaam karte hain:

• Every Sunday my grandfather would cycle to the river for a swim.
• In Class 3 we used to swap cricket cards at lunch.
• Each time the ball reached the bottom, Mij would pounce on it.

Past states ke liye sirf used to kaam karta hai: aisi situations, feelings, beliefs aur cheezein jo kuch samay tak waisi hi rahi. be, have, own, live, know, believe aur like jaise verbs states batate hain, isliye is matlab mein unke saath would galat lagta hai.

• ✓ Our town used to have only one cinema. ✗ Our town would have only one cinema.
• ✓ I used to believe the moon followed our car.
• ✓ My aunt used to be a hockey player.

Exam mein do aur baatein kaam aati hain. Would ke liye past ka samay pehle se clear hona chahiye, isliye kahani aksar used to se shuru hoti hai aur would ke saath aage badhti hai. Aur used to ke negative aur question forms did ke saath bante hain: I didn't use to like okra. Did you use to live in Patna?

6.4.2 Noun modifiers

Noun modifier woh word hai jo noun se pehle aakar uske baare mein aur batata hai. Jis noun ko describe kiya ja raha hai, woh head hai. Sabse common modifiers adjectives hote hain (a narrow lane), lekin English mein ek noun doosre noun ko bhi describe kar sakta hai (a cricket ground, a steel tumbler). Proper nouns bhi yeh kaam kar sakte hain (the Mumbai local, a Diwali sale).

Modifiers ek ke baad ek lag sakte hain. Adjectives pehle aate hain, aur noun modifiers head ke bilkul paas khade hote hain: my old school cricket bat, a crowded Mumbai local train. Modifier ki tarah use hua noun aam taur par singular rehta hai: hum a shoe shop kehte hain, a shoes shop nahi, aur a ten-rupee note. Kahani mein kai examples hain, jaise the Consulate bedroom (proper noun), the chromium taps (noun), a low wall (adjective) aur a terrapin shell (noun).

6.4.3 Quantity phrases

rice, advice, smoke, furniture aur information jaise nouns uncountable hote hain: hum two advices ya a furniture nahi keh sakte. Unhe ginne ya naapne ke liye hum aage ek quantity phrase lagaate hain: a grain of rice, a word of advice, a puff of smoke, a piece of furniture. Jab Maxwell ko lagbhag ummeed thi ki Mij dhool ka ek baadal (a cloud of dust) jhaadega, to is phrase ne humein bahut saari dhool ki tasveer dikhayi.

6.5 Speaking aur writing

6.5.1 Speaking: bina shabdon ke feelings

Maxwell ne Mij ko kabhi bolte nahi suna, phir bhi woh otter ka mood uske body se padh lete hain: chatter ka matlab chidh, chirp ka matlab swaagat. Tum yahi skill dumb charades ke game mein practise karoge.

6.5.2 Writing: kisi pyaare ka description

Ek achha description wahi karta hai jo Maxwell karte hain. Woh kisi insaan ya animal ko unke kaam se dikhaata hai, phir batata hai ki un actions se pata chalta hai ki woh kya mehsoos karte hain aur kaun hain. Apna description chaar steps mein plan karo, jaise Fig. 6.7 mein.

6.5.3 Text se aage: kya jungli animals pets hone chahiye?

Maxwell ke adventures lagbhag sattar saal pehle hue the, aur tab se laws aur soch bahut badal gaye hain. India mein hamari teeno otter species (smooth-coated otter, Eurasian otter aur Asian small-clawed otter) Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 ke tahat protected hain. Bina permission unhe pakadna, rakhna ya bechna crime hai.

Borders ke paar jungli animals ka trade CITES naam ke ek international agreement se control hota hai. 2019 mein India un deshon mein tha jinhone smooth-coated otter, yaani Mij ki apni species, ko treaty ki sabse sakht list mein daalne ka prastaav rakha, jo jungle se pakde gaye animals ke commercial trade par rok lagaati hai. Airlines ke paas bhi ab animals le jaane ke detailed rules hain, jaise approved crates, health papers aur jungli species ke liye special permits.

6.6 Fog

Kya tumne Delhi ya Kolkata jaise shehar par sardi ka kohra chhaate dekha hai? Ek pal sadak saaf hoti hai; agle pal buildings grey mein ghul jaati hain. Baad mein kohra utni hi chupchaap chala jaata hai jitna chupchaap aaya tha. Carl Sandburg ne aisi hi ek subah ko chhah lines ki ek chhoti si poem bana diya.

Poem ek nazar mein. Form: chhah chhoti lines ka ek stanza, lagbhag bees words, free verse mein. Speaker: ek bina naam ka observer jo samundar kinaare ke shehar ko dekh raha hai. Central idea: kohra ek billi ki tarah behave karta hai. Woh bina awaaz aata hai, thodi der baith kar dekhta hai, aur phir jab mann kare chala jaata hai.

• Aana (lines 1–2). Kohra ludhak kar ya takra kar nahi aata; woh “little cat feet” par dabe paon aata hai. Yeh image uske aane ko khamosh aur naram bana deti hai, isliye kisi ko pata hi nahi chalta jab tak woh aa nahi chuka hota.
• Thehraav (lines 3–5). Jaise ek billi deewar par apne haunches (mude hue pichhle pair) par baithi ho, waise hi kohra paani aur chhaton ke upar oonchai par tik jaata hai aur sab kuch neeche dekhta sa lagta hai. Woh aaraam kar raha hai, dhamka nahi raha.
• Jaana (line 6). Phir bina kisi warning ya wajah ke woh bas chala jaata hai, bilkul waise jaise billi sab dekh lene ke baad chal deti hai. Kuch nuksaan nahi hota, aur nazaara phir saaf ho jaata hai.

6.6.1 Metaphor, imagery aur free verse

Sandburg kabhi nahi kehte ki kohra billi like (jaisa) hai, isliye yeh metaphor (रूपक) hai, simile nahi. Kyunki yeh comparison poori poem mein chalta hai, yeh ek extended metaphor hai. Billi wale clues gino: naram pair, haunches par jhuk kar baithna, dekhte rehna, aur chupchaap aana-jaana. Kai exam answers ise personification (मानवीकरण) bhi kehte hain, kyunki kohre ko ek jeevit praani ka behaviour diya gaya hai.

Imagery (बिंब) zyada tar visual hai: hum paani aur chhaton par grey naramgi dekhte hain. Yeh khamoshi ke zariye bhi kaam karti hai, aur poem ke beech ki naram s awaazein us sannaate ko badhaati hain. Tone shaant aur dhyaan se dekhne wala hai; mood shaant, thoda rahasyamay aur sukoon bhara hai. Poem mein koi darr nahi hai, bhale hi kohra poore shehar ko chhupa sakta hai.

Ismein na koi rhyme scheme hai, na regular beat, na fixed line length. Aisi poetry ko free verse (मुक्त छंद) kehte hain. Chhoti, dheeli, bina rhyme ki lines subject par fit baithti hain: woh halki aur bina shape ki hain, bilkul kohre ki tarah.

6.7 Board exam practice

CBSE papers is unit ko extract-based questions, lagbhag 40–50 words ke short answers aur lagbhag 100–120 words ke long answers se test karte hain. Neeche ke model answers ratti hui lines ke bajaay kahani ke events par tike hain, aur har ek mein woh key points list hain jo examiner dhoondhta hai.