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CuriosityCh 6 Hamare Aas-paas ke Materials

Materials Around Us (Hamare Aas-paas ke Materials): Class 6 Science Chapter 6 Hinglish mein

Curiosity · Hinglish notes, simulations aur practice · Official NCERT chapter PDF ↗

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  • 100 min
  • 1 simulation
  • 16 practice questions
  • 36 MCQs

Is chapter mein aap kya seekhenge

  • Roz ki cheezein kin materials se bani hain, unke naam batao, aur dekho ki ek hi cheez mein kai materials ho sakte hain
  • Ek property chun kar cheezon ko alag-alag tareekon se group karo, aur samjhao ki classification ka matlab kya hai
  • Samjhao ki kisi cheez ka kaam kaise decide karta hai ki uske liye kaun se materials sahi hain
  • Aasaan tests se materials ko lustrous ya non-lustrous, aur hard ya soft mein sort karo
  • Materials ko transparent, translucent ya opaque mein classify karo
  • Test karo ki kaun se solids aur liquids paani mein ghul jaate hain aur kaun se nahi
  • Balance se masses compare karo aur volumes nikaalo, units sahi tarah likhte hue
  • Samjhao ki jis bhi cheez mein mass aur volume hai, hawa bhi, woh matter kyun hai

NCERT Science Class 6, Chapter 6, pp. 101–122 par based original companion text. Yeh NCERT se juda nahi hai aur NCERT ne ise endorse nahi kiya hai.

6.1 Aas-paas ki Cheezon ko Observe Karna

Apna school bag desk par khaali karo. Usmein se paani ki bottle, notebook, pencil, lunch box aur shayad ek mudi hui hanky gir padti hai. Inmein se har ek ek object hai: aisi cheez jise tum dekh sakte ho, pakad sakte ho aur use kar sakte ho. Ab ek aur gehra sawaal poochho. Har ek kis cheez se bana hai?

Bottle steel ki ho sakti hai. Notebook paper ki hai, lunch box plastic ka hai aur hanky cotton ki hai. Steel, paper, plastic aur cotton materials hain (Hindi mein पदार्थ). Wood, glass, clay, rubber, leather aur jute bhi materials hain. Tumhare aas-paas ki har cheez inmein se ek ya zyada se bani hai.

Definition
Material

Woh cheez jisse koi object bana hota hai.

ExampleCricket bat ka material wood hai; chammach ka material steel hai.

2/3Steel, paper, wood, plastic aur cotton: har object kisi material se bana hai.

Fig. 6.1Objects materials se bane hote hain, aur ek object mein kai materials ho sakte hain.NCERT Fig. 6.1 · p. 103

Desk par paanch objects ek line mein khade hain: paani ki bottle, spiral notebook, pencil, lunch box aur tah ki hui hanky, aur ek sawaal poochhta hai ki har ek kis cheez se bana hai. Doosre step mein har object ke upar ek tag aata hai: bottle ke liye steel, notebook ke liye paper, pencil ke liye wood, lunch box ke liye plastic aur hanky ke liye cotton. Teesre step mein line hat jaati hai aur ek badi pencil let kar dikhti hai, uske hisson ke labels ke saath: rubber ki tip, metal ka band, paint kiya hua wooden body aur graphite ki nok.

Scientists shuruaat observe karne se karte hain: apne senses ko dhyaan se use karna aur details notice karna. Ek blindfold game khelo. Aankhein band karo, aur ek dost tumhare ek haath mein steel ka chammach aur doosre mein lakdi ka chammach rakhe. Kya tum bina dekhe dono ko pehchaan sakte ho? Steel wala thanda aur chikna lagta hai, aur apne size ke hisaab se bhaari bhi. Aankhein kholo, to woh chamakta bhi hai. Har clue material se hi aata hai.

Quick check
3 mein se 1
Inmein se kaun sa ek material hai, object nahi?
Answer dekho

Answer (C) wood

Wood ek material hai. Patang, balti aur kursi objects hain, aur har ek materials se bana hai.

6.2 Materials ko Group Kaise Karein?

Socho ek aisi dukaan jahan sab kuch ek bade dher mein pada hai. Chudiyan aaloo ke neeche hain aur sabun chawal par baitha hai. Tumhe kabhi kuch milega hi nahi! Isiliye dukaanein, kitchen aur libraries sab cheezon ko groups mein rakhte hain.

Scientists bhi grouping se hi duniya ko samajhte hain. Trick yeh hai ki ek property chuno (Hindi mein गुण), yaani koi feature jo cheez ke baare mein batata hai. Woh uski shape ho sakti hai, ya woh kitni chamakti hai, ya kitni aasaani se mudti hai. Phir jin cheezon mein woh property hai, unhe ek saath rakho. Property badlo, to groups bhi badal jaate hain.

3/3Material se sort kiya: metal, wood aur plastic. Groups bilkul alag hain!

Fig. 6.2Property badalne par wahi chhe cheezein alag groups banati hain.NCERT Fig. 6.4 · p. 106

Thali, chammach, chudi, belan (rolling pin), chakla (gol rolling board) aur ruler mile-jule pade hain. Doosre step mein woh shape ke hisaab se do boxes mein khisak jaate hain: gol cheezein (thali, chakla, chudi) aur lambi cheezein (chammach, belan, ruler). Teesre step mein woh material ke hisaab se teen boxes mein khisak jaate hain: metal (thali, chammach), wood (chakla, belan) aur plastic (chudi, ruler).

Is tarah ki sorting ka, jismein group ke har member mein tumhari chuni hui property hoti hai, scientists ke paas ek naam hai: classification (Hindi mein वर्गीकरण). Achhi grouping se time bachta hai, kyunki tumhe pata hota hai ki kahan dhoondhna hai. Isse kabhi-kabhi hairaan karne wale patterns bhi dikhte hain, jaise tum is chapter mein aage dekhoge.

Definition
Classification

Cheezon ko groups mein rakhna, taaki ek group ki har cheez mein ek property common ho.

Apne dher ko phir se dekho, tumhe do baatein dikhengi. Ek object kai materials se ban sakta hai: school bag cloth ka ho sakta hai, jismein plastic ki zips aur metal ke buckles hon. Aur ek material se kai objects ban sakte hain: akele metal se humein sikke, chaabiyan, chammach aur cycle ki chain milti hain.

Sahi material chunna

Har object ka ek kaam hota hai. Tumbler ko bina leak kiye drink rokna hai, aur use pakadna aur dhona aasaan hona chahiye. To pehle kaam aata hai. Phir hum aisa material chunte hain jiski properties us kaam ke liye sahi hon.

3/3Steel, glass aur clay paani rokte hain. Paper gal jaata hai. Cloth se paani beh jaata hai.

Fig. 6.3Tumbler ko paani rokna hai, isliye cloth aur saada paper achhe choices nahi hain.NCERT Fig. 6.2 · p. 104

Table par paanch cups khade hain: steel, glass, clay, paper aur cloth, aur sawaal hai ki kaun paani rokega. Doosre step mein har cup mein paani daala jaata hai; glass mein andar paani dikhta hai, paper cup ke neeche ke paas ek geela dhabba hai, aur cloth cup ke kinaaron se paani table par tapakta hai. Teesre step mein steel, glass aur clay ke cups par tick aate hain, paper cup ke upar soggy likha aata hai, aur cloth cup par cross aata hai, jo ab khaali hai aur uske chaaron taraf paani jama hai.

Aksar ek object ko kai materials chahiye hote hain, har ek apne kaam ke liye chuna hua. Kadhai ki body metal ki hoti hai jo heat ko khaane tak pahunchaati hai. Uska handle aksar wood ya hard plastic ka hota hai, jo itna thanda rehta hai ki use pakda ja sake.

Balls bhi yahi idea dikhati hain. Ek rubber ball, ek wool ki ball aur geeli clay ki ball ko dabao. Teeno gol hain aur lagbhag ek hi size ki hain, phir bhi haath mein har ek alag lagti hai. Kya floor se takraane par woh alag-alag behave karengi? Bounce test se pata chalega.

3/3Rubber sabse upar uchhalti hai (lagbhag 70 cm), phir tennis (lagbhag 55 cm), phir wool (lagbhag 15 cm). Clay bilkul nahi uchhalti.

Fig. 6.4Ek hi height se giraane par alag materials ki balls bahut alag tarah se uchhalti hain.NCERT Fig. 6.3 · p. 105

Left mein ek metre scale khada hai. Rubber, tennis-ball felt, wool aur clay ki bani chaar balls ek dashed line ke barabar pakdi hain, jo 1 m ki drop height dikhati hai. Doosre step mein chaaron floor se takraati hain, aur clay ki ball dab kar chapti ho jaati hai. Teesre step mein har ball bounce ke baad apne sabse upar ke point par dikhti hai, apni height ke saath: rubber ball sabse upar lagbhag 70 cm par, tennis ball lagbhag 55 cm par, wool ki ball floor se bas thodi upar lagbhag 15 cm par, aur chapti clay ki ball abhi bhi floor par 0 cm par.

Quick check
4 mein se 1
Rani apni desk ki cheezein sort karti hai. Metal ki cheezein ek tray mein jaati hain, lakdi ki doosri mein aur plastic ki teesri mein. Woh kya kar rahi hai?
Answer dekho

Answer (B) classifying

Woh classifying kar rahi hai: cheezon ko unki common property se group karna, yahan unka material. Observing (dhyaan se dekhna) pehle aata hai, lekin usse groups nahi bante.

6.3 Materials ki Alag-alag Properties kya hain?

Tum kuch properties se cheezein pehle hi sort kar chuke ho. Ab chalo unhe ek-ek karke dekhein, magnifying glass wale detective ki tarah. Har property ke liye hum kuch materials test karenge aur unhe sort karenge.

6.3.1 Materials ka appearance observe karo aur pehchaano

Raat mein kitchen ki shelf par torch ki roshni daalo. Kuch cheezein tumhari taraf chamak maarti hain: steel ka glass, brass ka diya, chocolate ke upar ki foil. Baaki, jaise lakdi ka chammach ya kapde ka bag, dull hi rehte hain. Material kaisa dikhta hai, yeh uska appearance hai. Uska colour, uski chamak, aur woh khurdura hai ya chikna, yeh sab ismein aata hai.

3/3Chamakne wale lustrous hain. Dull wale non-lustrous hain.

Fig. 6.5Metals roshni ko chamak ke saath wapas phenkte hain: woh lustrous hain.

Left mein ek band torch padi hai, table par rakhe chhe objects ki line ke paas: steel ka chammach, foil ki ek goli, copper ka lota, clay ka diya, bottle ka cork aur tah ki hui cotton hanky. Doosre step mein torch on hai aur roshni ki chaudi beam line par padti hai; chammach, foil aur copper ke lote par chhote taaron jaisi chamak dikhti hai, jabki diya, cork aur hanky par koi chamak nahi. Teesre step mein brackets chammach, foil aur copper ko lustrous aur diya, cork aur hanky ko non-lustrous group mein rakhte hain.

Chamak ki khoj mein jis bhi object ne roshni chamka kar wapas phenki, woh metal tha. Is khaas chamak ko lustre kehte hain, aur jis material mein yeh hoti hai woh lustrous hota hai (Hindi mein चमकीला). Sone ki chain, chaandi ki payal aur naya sikka, sab mein yeh dikhti hai: lustre metal family ki pehchaan hai. Jo clay, cork, cloth aur wood dull rahe, woh non-lustrous hain.

Definition
Lustrous

Jismein apni natural chamak ho. Naye ya saaf surface wale metals lustrous hote hain.

Examplesteel ka naya chammach, sone ke gehne, aluminium foil

To phir purana copper ka bartan ya iron ka gate dull kyun dikhta hai? Kai metals nam hawa ke saath dheere-dheere react karte hain, aur surface par ek dull parat ban jaati hai. Copper bhoora ya hara ho jaata hai, silver kaala pad jaata hai aur iron par laal-bhoora rust lag jaata hai. Woh parat saaf kar do, to neeche lustre abhi bhi maujood hai.

2/3Nimbu aur namak coating ko ragad kar hata dete hain. Chamakdaar copper dikhne lagta hai.

Fig. 6.6Metal ki chamak aksar ek dull parat ke neeche chhupi hoti hai.

Ek copper ka lota dull grey coating se dhaka hai jis par kuch hare dhabbe hain, aur uske paas namak ke daanon ke saath aadha nimbu rakha hai. Doosre step mein nimbu lote ke right half ko ragadta hai; woh half ab chamakdaar copper dikhata hai jabki left half abhi bhi dull hai. Teesre step mein poora lota chamakdaar copper ka hai, us par chhoti-chhoti chamak ke saath.

Kya har chamakne wali cheez metal hi hoti hai? Nahi! Varnish ki hui lakdi ki table, magazine ka chamakdaar cover aur naya plastic ka khilauna, sab chamak sakte hain. Inki chamak sirf upar ki surface par hoti hai: table par varnish ki parat, magazine ke page par glossy layer. Us parat ko khurach do, to neeche ka dull material dikhne lagta hai.

Lustre saare metals ko ek group mein rakh deta hai. Lekin saare metals ek jaise nahi hote. Exploring Magnets chapter mein tum ek aur property se mile the jo unhe alag karti hai. Neeche try karo.

SimulationChamakdaar metals aur ek magnet

Ek bar magnet jise tum objects ki teen rows ke upar drag kar sakte ho. Upar ki do rows mein chhe metals hain: iron nail, aluminium foil, steel ka chammach, copper wire, nickel ka sikka aur paper clip. Neeche ki row mein wood, glass, plastic aur rubber hain. Jin objects ko magnet attract karta hai woh uchhal kar usse chipak jaate hain; baaki apni jagah par rehte hain, aur ek counter dikhata hai ki kitne chipke hain.

Fig. 6.7Upar ki do rows mein metals hain, jo sab lustrous hain. Neeche ki row mein aise materials hain jo metals nahi hain. Magnet ko har row ke upar drag karo.
Try karo
  • Magnet ko metals ki dono rows ke upar dheere-dheere ghumao. Woh kaun se chamakdaar metals utha leta hai, aur kinhe chhod deta hai?
  • Ab use neeche ki non-metals wali row par ghumao. Kya woh inmein se kisi ko uthata hai?
Quick check
4 mein se 1
Kis group mein sirf lustrous materials hain?
Answer dekho

Answer (B) gold, silver aur copper

Gold, silver aur copper sab metals hain, aur metals lustrous hote hain. Baaki har group mein koi dull material mila hai, jaise wood, paper, rubber, chalk ya cotton.

6.3.2 Kaun se materials hard hain?

Aate ke gole mein apna angootha dabao. Usmein turant gaddha ban jaata hai. Ab ek kankad ko utne hi zor se dabao. Kuch nahi hota! Kankad hard hai (Hindi mein कठोर): woh dabta nahi, aur use khurachna mushkil hai. Aata soft hai (Hindi mein मुलायम): woh angoothe ke neeche dab jaata hai, aur naakhun se us par aasaani se nishaan ban jaata hai.

2/3Bread bahut dabti hai, aam thoda, kankad bilkul nahi.

Fig. 6.8Press test: soft materials dab jaate hain, hard nahi dabte.

Bread ka slice, pakka aam aur kankad table par rakhe hain, har ek ke upar ek ungli. Doosre step mein ungliyan neeche dabaati hain: bread dab kar lagbhag aadhi oonchi reh jaati hai, aam bas thoda dabta hai aur kankad bilkul nahi dabta. Teesre step mein ungliyan hat jaati hain, aur softer se harder ki taraf jaata ek arrow bread ko soft, kankad ko hard aur aam ko beech mein dikhata hai.

Doosra test hai scratch test. Iron nail ki nok ko alag-alag materials par khicho. Gehri lakeer ka matlab hai material soft hai. Halki line ka matlab hai woh zyada hard hai. Koi nishaan nahi, to woh aur bhi zyada hard hai.

3/3Sabun aur crayon mein gehri lakeerein, wood par halki line, kankad par koi nishaan nahi.

Fig. 6.9Scratch test: nishaan jitna gehra, material utna soft.

Upar se dekhne par sabun ki ek tikki, ek wax crayon, lakdi ka ek block aur ek kankad ek line mein pade hain. Doosre step mein ek iron nail chaaron par left se right khisakti hai: sabun mein moti lakeer, crayon mein saaf lakeer, wood par patli dashed line aur kankad par koi nishaan nahi chhodti. Teesre step mein labels par deep, deep, faint aur no mark likha hai.

Kya wood hard hai? Makkhan ke saamne, haan. Patthar ke saamne, utna nahi. Hard aur soft compare karne wale words hain, isliye aksar "se zyada hard" ya "se zyada soft" kehna madad karta hai.

Quick check
4 mein se 1
Inmein se sabse soft kaun hai?
Answer dekho

Answer (B) cotton wool

Cotton wool sabse halke dabaav se dab jaata hai. Eent, wood aur steel hard hain.

6.3.3 Aise materials explore karo jinke aar-paar dikhta hai ya nahi dikhta

Mithai ki dukaan par laddoo saaf glass ke counter ke peeche rakhe hote hain, isliye tum har ek ko dekh sakte ho. Bathroom ki khidki mein aksar ubad-khabad glass hota hai: woh roshni andar aane deta hai lekin andar kaun hai yeh chhupa leta hai. Steel ki almirah sab kuch chhupa leti hai. Fark yeh hai ki har material ke aar-paar tum kitna dekh sakte ho.

3/3Glass transparent hai, tracing paper translucent hai aur cardboard opaque hai.

Fig. 6.10Tum kitna dekh paate ho, yeh saamne rakhe material par depend karta hai.NCERT Fig. 6.5 · p. 109

Teen picture frames mein ek hi aam dikhta hai. Doosre step mein har frame par ek sheet aa jaati hai: saaf glass ke aar-paar aam abhi bhi saaf dikhta hai; tracing paper ke aar-paar woh bas ek dhundhli roshni hai; cardboard use poori tarah chhupa deta hai. Teesre step mein frames par transparent, translucent aur opaque likha aata hai.

Jis material ke aar-paar tum saaf dekh sakte ho, woh transparent hai (Hindi mein पारदर्शी). Jo material kuch roshni aane deta hai, lekin sirf dhundhli shapes dikhata hai, woh translucent hai (Hindi mein पारभासी). Jis material ke aar-paar tum bilkul nahi dekh sakte, woh opaque hai (Hindi mein अपारदर्शी).

Compare

Saaf, dhundhla ya band?

Transparent

  • khidki ka saaf glass
  • saaf paani
  • kamre ki hawa
  • lunch-box ka saaf plastic dhakkan

Translucent

  • tracing paper
  • bathroom ki frosted khidki
  • ek patli safed plastic bag
  • notebook ka ek page

Opaque

  • eent ki deewar
  • steel ki plate
  • clay ka matka
  • tumhara apna haath
Quick check
4 mein se 1
Har jagah ko sabse sahi material se match karo.

Left mein koi item tap karo, phir right mein uska match.

Answer dekho
Answer
  • dukaan ki khidki jo naye joote dikhati hai : transparent
  • bathroom ki khidki : translucent
  • band store room ka darwaaza : opaque
Khareedne waalon ko joote saaf dikhne chahiye (transparent). Bathroom ko roshni chahiye lekin privacy bhi (translucent). Store room ka darwaaza sab kuch chhupaye (opaque).

6.3.4 Kya Paani mein Soluble hai, Kya Nahi?

Jab tumhara gala kharaab hota hai, to koi bada garam paani mein ek chammach namak ghol deta hai taaki tum gargle karo. Namak ko dhyaan se dekho. Safed daane chhote hote hain, phir poori tarah gaayab ho jaate hain. Phir bhi paani namkeen lagta hai! Namak kahin gaya nahi. Woh paani mein itne chhote tukdon mein phail gaya hai ki dikhta hi nahi.

3/3Paanch minute baad namak gaayab ho gaya hai. Ret aur rava neeche baith gaye hain. Chheelan tair rahi hai.

Fig. 6.11Namak ghul jaata hai; ret, rava aur chheelan nahi ghulte.NCERT Fig. 6.6 · p. 111

Paani ke chaar glass ek line mein khade hain. Pehle step mein har ek mein abhi-abhi ek chammach gaya hai: namak ke crystals aur ret aur rava ke daane neeche baithe hain, aur pencil ki chheelan upar tair rahi hai. Doosre step mein mude hue arrows hilaana dikhate hain, aur har material ke tukde paani mein ghoomte hain. Teesre step mein, intezaar ke baad, namak wala glass saaf hai aur kuch nahi bacha, ret aur rava neeche dher mein pade hain, aur chheelan phir upar tair rahi hai.

Tumhare gargle wala namak dissolve ho gaya: woh itne chhote tukdon mein toot gaya ki dikhe nahi, aur poore paani mein phail gaya. Namak, chini, glucose aur gud paani mein soluble hain (Hindi mein घुलनशील), matlab woh usmein ghul sakte hain. Ret, rava aur pencil ki chheelan paani mein insoluble hain (Hindi mein अघुलनशील). Hilaane se woh ghoom sakte hain, lekin kabhi gaayab nahi ho sakte.

Definition
Soluble

Ghul sakne wala, yaani kisi liquid mein itna phail jaana ki phir dikhe hi nahi.

ExampleChini paani mein soluble hai.

Tumhara shareer isi ghulne ki taakat par chalta hai. Blood zyadatar paani hai, aur woh ghuli hui sugar aur salts ko tumhare har hisse tak le jaata hai. Plants ko bhi iski zaroorat hai: roots minerals tabhi le sakti hain jab woh mitti ke paani mein ghul chuke hon.

Ab liquids try karo. Paani mein nimbu ka ras nichodo, to woh poore glass mein phail jaata hai; jaldi hi pata nahi chalta ki ras kahan khatam hua. Coconut oil bilkul alag behave karta hai. Hilaane se woh boondon mein toot jaata hai, lekin ek minute ke andar boondein upar uthkar paani ke upar ek chikni parat ban jaati hain.

3/3Chhod dene par oil upar aakar parat ban jaata hai. Nimbu ka ras mila hi rehta hai.

Fig. 6.12Kuch liquids paani mein mil jaate hain; kuch parat banate hain.

Paani ke do glass saath-saath khade hain. Pehle step mein left glass mein coconut oil aur right mein nimbu ka ras daala jaata hai. Doosre step mein dono hilaaye jaate hain: oil gol boondon mein toot kar paani mein phail jaata hai, aur ras ghoomta hai. Teesre step mein, rukne ke baad, oil paani ke upar alag parat mein jama ho gaya hai, jabki right glass upar se neeche tak ek jaisa rangeen hai, koi parat nahi.

Fish tank mein bulbule chhodne wala air pump kyun hota hai? Machhliyan bhi saans leti hain, lekin woh apni oxygen aas-paas ke paani se leti hain. Hawa ki thodi oxygen paani mein ghul jaati hai, aur pump zyada oxygen ghulne mein madad karta hai. To gases bhi soluble ho sakti hain. Soda ek aur example hai: usmein carbon dioxide gas daba kar bhari hoti hai. Bottle kholo, to gas bulbulon ke roop mein fizz karke nikalti hai.

Quick check
4 mein se 1
Tum paani mein ek chammach ret hilaa kar daalte ho. Paanch minute baad ret kahan hai?
Answer dekho

Answer (D) Woh neeche baith gayi hai

Ret paani mein insoluble hai, isliye woh doob kar neeche baith jaati hai. Kitna bhi hilao, woh nahi ghulti.

6.3.5 Kitna bhaari ya halka?

Ek purani paheli hai. Kaun zyada bhaari hai, ek kilogram rui ya ek kilogram iron? Jawaab dene se pehle socho. Dono barabar bhaari hain, kyunki dono ek kilogram hain! Yeh paheli dikhati hai ki sirf dekh kar hum bhaaripan ka andaaza nahi laga sakte. Humein naapna padta hai.

2/4Chawal wala palda jhukta hai: chawal ka mass murmura se zyada hai.

Fig. 6.13Balance ka bhaari palda neeche jhukta hai.NCERT Fig. 6.7 · p. 113

Ek pan balance teen ek jaisi katoriyon ke upar khada hai, jo kinaare tak murmura, chawal aur paani se bhari hain. Doosre step mein murmura ki katori left palde mein aur chawal ki katori right palde mein hai; dandi chawal ki taraf neeche jhukti hai. Teesre step mein chawal left palde mein aur paani right mein hai; dandi paani ki taraf thoda kam jhukti hai. Aakhri step mein katoriyan apne masses ke saath phir line mein hain: murmura lagbhag 12 g, chawal lagbhag 155 g, paani 200 g.

Kisi cheez mein jitna matter hai, woh uska mass hai (Hindi mein द्रव्यमान). Jis cheez ka mass jitna zyada, woh haath mein utni bhaari lagti hai. Hum balance se masses compare karte hain aur unhe grams (g) aur kilograms (kg) mein naapte hain.

Doctor ke yahan tum sun sakte ho "Tumhara weight 35 kg hai." Sahi mein woh number tumhara mass hai. Science mein weight aur mass ka matlab alag hai, aur yeh fark tum badi classes mein padhoge.

Example

Kitchen scale padhna

Kitchen scale par khaali katori 85 g dikhati hai. Kinaare tak chini se bharne par woh 245 g dikhati hai. Uski jagah kinaare tak paani se bharne par woh 285 g dikhati hai. Chini ka aur paani ka mass nikaalo. Kiska mass zyada hai?

Pehle khud try karo. Phir solution ek-ek step karke kholo.

Quick check
4 mein se 1
Do ek jaise cups kinaare tak bhare hain, ek ret se aur ek thermocol ki goliyon se. Kiska mass zyada hai?
Answer dekho

Answer (A) ret wala cup

Ret cup mein bahut saara matter bhar deti hai, jabki thermocol mein zyadatar hawa hoti hai. Same jagah ka matlab same mass nahi hai.

6.3.6 Jagah aur volume

Ek bowl ko bilkul kinaare tak paani se bharo, aur use ek plate mein rakho. Ab usmein dheere se ek patthar daalo. Chhapaak! Paani kinaare se bahar gir jaata hai. Kyun? Patthar ko apni jagah chahiye, isliye woh kuch paani ko raaste se hata deta hai.

3/3Gira hua paani measuring cup ko 50 mL tak bharta hai: patthar ka volume lagbhag 50 mL hai.

Fig. 6.14Doobta hua patthar apne volume ke barabar paani bahar nikaalta hai.NCERT Fig. 6.8 · p. 113

Kinaare tak paani se bhara glass ka bowl ek plate mein rakha hai, uske upar dhaage se ek patthar latka hai, aur ek taraf ek khaali measuring cup hai jis par 50 mL aur 100 mL ke mark hain. Doosre step mein patthar bowl ke neeche tikka hai aur paani ki boondein bowl ke bahar se plate mein beh rahi hain. Teesre step mein ek dashed arrow dikhata hai ki gira hua paani measuring cup mein daala gaya, jo 50 mL ke mark tak bhara hai, aur ek label par likha hai lagbhag 50 mL.

Har cheez kuch na kuch jagah gherti hai. Koi cheez jitni jagah gherti hai, woh uska volume hai (Hindi mein आयतन). Patthar ne apne volume ke barabar paani bahar nikaala. Us gire hue paani ko measuring cup mein daalo, aur tumne patthar ka volume naap liya!

Ek glass doodh ko chaude bowl mein daalo. Uski shape badal jaati hai, lekin uska volume wahi rehta hai: wapas daalne par woh phir bhi bas ek glass hi bharta hai. Packets aur bottles batate hain ki andar ki cheez ka volume kitna hai. Cooking oil ka 5 L ka dabba, juice ka 1 L ka carton ya lassi ka 180 mL ka pack dekho.

Example

Ek kanche ka volume

Tanvi ek glass ko kinaare tak bharti hai aur use ek plate mein rakhti hai. Woh dheere se 10 ek jaise bade kanche daalti hai. Plate mein 60 mL paani jama hota hai. Saare 10 kanchon ka kul volume kitna hai? Ek kanche ka volume kitna hai?

Pehle khud try karo. Phir solution ek-ek step karke kholo.

Quick check
4 mein se 1
Chaas (buttermilk) ke pack par 200 mL likha hai. Isse tumhe kya pata chalta hai?
Answer dekho

Answer (C) andar chaas ka volume

mL (millilitre) volume ka unit hai. Yeh batata hai ki chaas kitni jagah gherti hai.

6.4 Matter kya hai?

Is chapter ke har material ko yaad karo: steel, cotton, clay, namak, paani aur murmura. Kuch chamakte hain aur kuch nahi. Kuch ghul jaate hain, kuch hard hain, kuch roshni aar-paar jaane dete hain. Lekin do baatein sab ke liye sach hain. Har ek ka mass hai, aur har ek jagah gherta hai.

Jis bhi cheez ka mass ho aur jo jagah ghere, use matter kehte hain (Hindi mein द्रव्य). Ret ka ek daana matter hai. Pahaad, lassi ka glass aur tyre ke andar ki hawa bhi matter hain. To materials kahan fit hote hain? Material woh matter hai jise kisi kaam mein lagaya gaya ho: wood darwaaza banta hai, clay kulhad banti hai aur cotton kurta banta hai.

Definition
Matter

Koi bhi cheez jiska mass ho aur jo jagah ghere (jiska volume ho).

Examplepatthar, paani, hawa

Table 6.8Matter ko naapna
PropertyYeh kya batati haiUnitsKisse naapte hain
Masskitna matter haigram (g), kilogram (kg): 1 kg = 1000 gbalance ya kitchen scale
Volumekitni jagah gherta haimillilitre (mL), litre (L): 1 L = 1000 mLmeasuring cup ya jug
Compare

Units sahi tareeke se likho

Galat

  • 4 kgs
  • 4kg
  • 3 Kg.
  • 250 ML
  • 2 ltr

Sahi

  • 4 kg (kabhi s mat jodo)
  • 4 kg (number ke baad ek space)
  • 3 kg (chhota k, full stop nahi)
  • 250 mL (chhota m: capital M ka matlab million hota hai)
  • 2 L
Example

Jug se glass, tanki mein litre

(a) Ek jug mein 2 L lassi hai. Isse 250 mL ke kitne glass bhar sakte ho? (b) School ki paani ki tanki mein 3 m³ paani aata hai. Woh kitne litre hua?

Pehle khud try karo. Phir solution ek-ek step karke kholo.

Kya hawa matter hai?

Hawa dikhti nahi, to kya woh matter hai? Chalo rule ke dono hisse test karein. Kya hawa jagah gherti hai? Kya uska mass hai?

2/3Seedha neeche dabaane par glass hawa se bhara rehta hai. Paani andar nahi ja paata, isliye tissue sookha rehta hai.

Fig. 6.15Hawa jagah gherti hai: woh paani ko glass se bahar rakhti hai.

Ek glass, jiske tale par ek mudaa hua sookha tissue chipka hai, paani ki balti ke upar ulta pakda hai. Doosre step mein glass ko seedha paani mein neeche dabaaya jaata hai; uske mooh mein paani ki bas patli si layer jaati hai, glass mein air likha hai, aur tissue sookha rehta hai. Teesre step mein glass ko paani ke andar tircha kiya jaata hai; uske kinaare se bulbule nikal kar upar uthte hain, glass paani se bhar jaata hai aur tissue geela ho jaata hai.

Tissue sookha rehta hai kyunki glass pehle se kisi cheez se bhara tha: hawa se. Hawa jagah gherti hai aur paani ko bahar rakhti hai. Glass ko tircha karne par hi hawa bulbulon ke roop mein nikal paati hai, aur tab paani andar aata hai.

To hawa ka mass hai aur woh jagah gherti hai. Hawa matter hai, bhale hi woh dikhti nahi. Roshni, awaaz, parchhaaiyan aur tumhare vichaar alag hain. Unka koi mass nahi aur woh koi jagah nahi gherte, isliye woh matter nahi hain.

Sort karne ki zaroorat kya hai? Kyunki groups se patterns dikhte hain. Jab humne torch ki roshni mein chamakne wali cheezon ko line mein lagaya, to ek pattern saamne aaya: har ek metal tha. Phir magnet ne metals ko bhi alag kar diya. Living things ko bhi bilkul aise hi sort kiya jaata hai, jaise tumne Chapter 2, Diversity in the Living World mein dekha.

Ab saari properties ko ek saath lagane ka time hai. Sorting table mein chhe rounds hain: chamak, hard ya soft, aar-paar dikhna, paani mein, tairna ya doobna, aur matter. Dekho kaise wahi cheezein alag-alag boxes mein jaati hain. Lakdi ka block dull, hard, opaque hai aur tairta hai. Steel ka chammach lustrous, hard hai aur doob jaata hai.

InteractiveSorting table

Chhe rounds wala ek interactive sorting game: lustrous ya non-lustrous, hard ya soft, transparent, translucent ya opaque, ghulta hai ya nahi ghulta, tairta hai ya doobta hai, aur matter hai ya matter nahi. Har round mein roz ki cheezon ke das picture cards hain, jaise steel ka chammach, clay ka kulhad, butter paper, namak, thermocol aur parchhaai. Tum card par tap karo, phir box par tap karo, ya mouse se drag karo. Check button sahi cards par tick lagata hai aur baaki ko halka kar deta hai; phir card par tap karne se ek chhota sa reason dikhta hai. Do tries ke baad Show answers button aata hai.

Fig. 6.16Upar ek property chuno, phir har card par tap karo aur us box par tap karo jahan woh jaata hai. Jab har card rakh do, to Check dabao.
Quick check
4 mein se 1
Inmein se kaun matter nahi hai?
Answer dekho

Answer (C) parchhaai

Parchhaai bas ek jagah hai jahan roshni ruk gayi hai. Uska koi mass nahi aur woh koi jagah nahi gherti. Hawa, oil aur kettle ki bhaap, sabka mass aur volume hai.
Flash cards · 12

Yaad rakhne wale words

1 / 12
Chalo khelein: word partners
Word partners: har cheez ko us property word se match karo jo use sabse achha suit karta hai.

Left mein koi item tap karo, phir right mein uska match.

Answer dekho
Answer
  • naya copper wire : lustrous
  • butter paper : translucent
  • glucose : soluble
  • cotton wool : soft
  • juice ke carton ka label : mL
Copper ek chamakdaar metal hai. Butter paper dhundhli roshni aar-paar jaane deta hai. Glucose paani mein ghul jaata hai, aur cotton wool aasaani se dab jaata hai. Unit mL juice ka volume dikhata hai.
Recap

Summary aur key points

  1. Objects materials se bane hote hain, jaise wood, glass, steel, plastic, cotton aur clay. Ek object mein kai materials ho sakte hain (Section 6.1).
  2. Alag-alag materials ek hi kaam kar sakte hain, aur ek material se kai alag objects ban sakte hain (Section 6.2).
  3. Classification ka matlab hai cheezon ko common property se group karna. Property badlo to groups badal jaate hain (Section 6.2).
  4. Hum aise materials chunte hain jinki properties object ke kaam ke liye sahi hon (Sahi material chunna).
  5. Lustrous materials chamakte hain; zyadatar metals hote hain. Jab rust jaisi coating chadh jaaye, to metal dull dikh sakta hai (Section 6.3.1).
  6. Hard materials ko dabaana ya khurachna mushkil hai; soft ko aasaan. Hard aur soft compare karne wale words hain (Section 6.3.2).
  7. Transparent materials ke aar-paar hum saaf dekh sakte hain, translucent ke aar-paar sirf dhundhla, aur opaque ke aar-paar bilkul nahi (Section 6.3.3).
  8. Soluble materials, jaise namak aur chini, paani mein ghul jaate hain. Insoluble, jaise ret, nahi ghulte. Kuch liquids paani mein mil jaate hain; oil parat banata hai (Section 6.3.4).
  9. Mass kisi cheez mein matter ki maatra hai. Hum balance se masses compare karte hain, g aur kg mein (Section 6.3.5).
  10. Volume woh jagah hai jo koi cheez gherti hai, mL aur L mein naapi jaati hai (Section 6.3.6).
  11. Jis bhi cheez ka mass ho aur jo jagah ghere, woh matter hai. Hawa matter hai; roshni aur parchhaaiyan nahi (Section 6.4).
Practice · 16 questions

Practice questions answers ke saath (NCERT “Chalo, apni samajh aur badhayein”)

  1. ActivityEasyNCERT Exercises Q1

    Ghar mein kisi ek jagah dekho ki cheezein kaise rakhi hain: jooton ka rack, dawai ka box ya stationery ki daraaz. (a) Cheezon ko group karne ke liye kaun si property ya use dekha gaya hai? (b) Unhe sort karne ka ek behtar tareeka batao, aur batao ki usse kya madad milegi.

    Solution dikhao

    AnswerJawaab alag-alag ho sakte hain. Abhi use ho rahi property ka naam batao, phir aisi grouping suggest karo jisse cheezein jaldi milein.

    Yeh ek example hai. Hamare dawai ke box mein tablets, bottles aur tubes sab mile-jule the. Unhe "dawai" ke alawa kisi cheez se group nahi kiya gaya tha.

    Ek behtar tareeka: syrups ko ek kone mein khada rakho aur creams aur tubes ko ek chhote pouch mein. Tablets ko use ke hisaab se ek box mein sort karo: bukhaar, pet dard, chot. Expiry date nikal chuki koi bhi cheez bahar. Ab har cheez seconds mein mil jaati hai, aur bottles tablets par leak nahi kar sakti.

  2. Quick answerEasyNCERT Exercises Q2

    Har word ko seedha karo, phir use uske matlab se match karo.

    Left mein koi item tap karo, phir right mein uska match.

    Answer dekho
    Answer
    • D R A H : dabaana ya khurachna mushkil
    • E Q U A P O : bilkul roshni aar-paar nahi jaane deta
    • L O V U M E : koi cheez jitni jagah gherti hai
    • S A M S : kisi cheez mein matter ki maatra
    Words hain HARD, OPAQUE, VOLUME aur MASS.
  3. Short answerEasyNCERT Exercises Q3

    Meena naya lunch box chun rahi hai. Ek saaf plastic ka hai aur doosra steel ka.

    1. Kaun sa box transparent hai, aur kaun sa opaque?

      Answer dekho

      Answer (A) plastic box transparent hai; steel box opaque hai

      Saaf plastic ke aar-paar tum saaf dekh sakte ho (transparent). Steel ke aar-paar koi roshni nahi jaati (opaque).

    2. Har box ka ek fayda batao.

      Solution dikhao

      AnswerSaaf plastic: bina khole khaana dikh jaata hai. Steel: girne par crack nahi hota.

      Saaf box ek nazar mein dikha deta hai ki kya pack hai aur kuch bacha hai ya nahi, dhakkan khole bina. Steel box hard hai aur girne par crack nahi hota, aur koi andar jhaank kar nahi dekh sakta.

    3. Kai dawaiyon ke syrups gehre bhoore rang ki bottles mein aate hain jo bahut kam roshni aane deti hain. Iski ek wajah batao.

      Solution dikhao

      AnswerRoshni kuch dawaiyon ko kharaab kar sakti hai, isliye bottle zyadatar roshni ko bahar rakhti hai.

      Tez roshni kuch dawaiyon ko dheere-dheere kharaab kar sakti hai. Gehre rang ki bottle zyadatar roshni rok deti hai, isliye syrup zyada time tak theek rehta hai. Container kitna aar-paar dikhne wala ho, yeh hum is hisaab se chunte hain ki usmein kya rakha hai.

  4. Quick answerEasyNCERT Exercises Q4

    True ya false? Agar statement false hai, to use sahi karo.

    1. Purana copper wire dull dikh sakta hai, lekin copper phir bhi ek lustrous material hai.

      Answer dekho

      Answer Sahi

      True. Dull coating chamak ko chhupa deti hai. Use khurcho, to naya chamakdaar copper dikhta hai.

    2. Parchhaai ka mass hota hai aur woh jagah gherti hai.

      Answer dekho

      Answer Galat

      False. Parchhaai bas ek jagah hai jahan roshni ruk gayi hai. Uska koi mass nahi aur woh koi jagah nahi gherti, isliye woh matter nahi hai.

    3. Kankad ke saamne mombatti soft hai, lekin cotton wool ke saamne hard.

      Answer dekho

      Answer Sahi

      True. Hard aur soft compare karne wale words hain. Nail mombatti ko khurach deti hai lekin kankad ko nahi, aur mombatti cotton wool ki tarah nahi dabti.

    4. Agar tum kaafi der tak hilao, to ret paani mein ghul jaayegi.

      Answer dekho

      Answer Galat

      False. Ret paani mein insoluble hai. Kitna bhi hilao, woh neeche baith jaati hai.

    5. Frosted glass ke aar-paar tum lamp dekh sakte ho, lekin sirf dhundhla.

      Answer dekho

      Answer Sahi

      True. Frosted glass roshni aar-paar jaane deta hai lekin shapes dhundhli kar deta hai, isliye woh translucent hai.
  5. Long answerMediumNCERT Exercises Q5

    School ki paani ki bottles steel, glass, copper ya plastic ki hoti hain. Neeche di gayi har zaroorat ke liye batao ki kaun sa material use sabse achhe se poora karta hai, aur kyun.

    1. Desk se girne par tootti nahi.

      Solution dikhao

      AnswerSteel, copper ya plastic.

      Steel, copper aur mazboot plastic mein dent ya scratch aa sakta hai, lekin woh chakna-choor nahi hote. Glass toot kar nukeele tukdon mein bikhar sakta hai.

    2. Ek nazar mein dikh jaaye ki kitna paani bacha hai.

      Solution dikhao

      AnswerSaaf plastic ya glass.

      Saaf plastic aur glass transparent hain, isliye paani ka level dikhta hai. Steel aur copper opaque hain.

    3. Itni halki ki chhota bachcha poore din utha sake.

      Solution dikhao

      AnswerPlastic.

      Plastic ki bottle ka mass sabse kam hai. Same size ki steel, copper aur glass ki bottles zyada bhaari hain.

    4. Mahinon tak use karne ke baad bhi paani mein koi smell ya taste nahi aata.

      Solution dikhao

      AnswerSteel ya glass.

      Steel aur glass paani ko apni koi smell ya taste nahi dete. Tez dhoop mein chhodi sasti plastic ki bottle se paani mein plastic ki smell aa sakti hai.

      Koi ek material har test nahi jeetta. Isiliye log alag-alag chunte hain: mazbooti ke liye steel ki bottle, level dekhne ke liye saaf bottle.

  6. Long answerMediumNCERT Exercises Q6

    Har container ke liye ek material suggest karo, aur woh properties batao jo zaroori hain.

    1. Aam ke achaar ka jar, jo tel wala aur khatta hota hai.

      Solution dikhao

      AnswerGlass ya glazed ceramic (china clay) ka jar.

      Glass aur glazed ceramic ko tel ya khatte khaane se nuksaan nahi hota, woh kuch sokhte nahi aur aasaani se saaf ho jaate hain. Glass transparent hai, isliye dikhta hai ki kitna achaar bacha hai. Iron mein rust lag jaata, aur cloth ya paper tel sokh lete.

    2. Nal se bagiche ke paudhon tak paani le jaane ke liye balti.

      Solution dikhao

      AnswerPlastic ya steel.

      Balti ko bina leak kiye paani rokna hai aur takkar jhelni hai. Plastic aur steel dono yeh karte hain, aur plastic uthane mein halka hai. Cloth leak karta aur glass toot sakta tha.

    3. Market se sabziyan ghar laane ke liye tokri.

      Solution dikhao

      AnswerBamboo, cane ya jute (ya kapde ka bag).

      Bamboo, cane aur jute halke aur mazboot hain, hawa aar-paar jaane dete hain jisse sabziyan taazi rehti hain, aur baar-baar use ho sakte hain.

  7. Quick answerEasyNCERT Exercises Q7

    Saaf khidki ke glass ke aar-paar tumhe sadak saaf dikhti hai. Patli safed chaadar ke aar-paar sirf parchhaaiyan dikhti hain. Eent ki deewar ke aar-paar kuch nahi dikhta. Glass, chaadar aur deewar, isi order mein, hain:

    Answer dekho

    Answer (A) transparent, translucent aur opaque

    Saaf dikhta hai: transparent. Sirf parchhaaiyan: translucent. Bilkul kuch nahi: opaque.
  8. Short answerMediumNCERT Exercises Q8

    Kitchen ki shelf par safed cheez ke chaar bina label wale jar rakhe hain. Tum har jar se ek chutki lekar alag-alag glass ke paani mein hilaa kar daalte ho. Jar P paani ko doodhiya kar deta hai, aur kuch der baad neeche ek safed parat baith jaati hai. Jar Q gaayab ho jaata hai, aur paani namkeen lagta hai. Jar R upar tairta hai aur gaayab nahi hota. Jar S mein bade, hard, saaf crystals hain jo dabaane par nahi dabte, phir bhi hilaane par gaayab ho jaate hain.

    1. Kaun se jars mein aisi cheez hai jo paani mein soluble hai?

      Saare sahi options chuno
      Answer dekho
      Answer
      • (B) Q
      • (D) S
      Q aur S hilaane par gaayab ho jaate hain, isliye woh ghul jaate hain. P aur R abhi bhi dikhte hain, isliye woh insoluble hain.

    2. Batao ki har jar mein kya ho sakta hai. Har ek ki wajah do.

      Solution dikhao

      AnswerP: maida ya cornflour. Q: namak. R: murmura. S: mishri (chini ke crystals).

      P maida ya cornflour jaisa behave karta hai: woh paani ko dhundhla karta hai aur phir neeche baith jaata hai, isliye woh insoluble hai. Q namak hai, kyunki woh ghul jaata hai aur namkeen taste chhodta hai. R murmura ho sakta hai, jo halka hai, tairta hai aur kabhi nahi ghulta. S mishri ho sakti hai, chini ke bade crystals jo hard hain, phir bhi ghul jaate hain.

    3. Jar S ki cheez hard hai ya soft? Kya hard hona kisi material ko ghulne se rokta hai?

      Solution dikhao

      AnswerHard. Nahi: hardness aur solubility alag-alag properties hain.

      Jar S ke crystals dabaane par nahi dabte, isliye woh hard hain. Phir bhi woh ghul jaate hain. Hard material soluble ho sakta hai, aur soft material, jaise mombatti ka wax, insoluble ho sakta hai. Har property ko alag se test karna padta hai.

  9. Short answerEasyNCERT Exercises Q9

    Main kaun hoon? Clues se material ya object ka naam batao.

    1. Main transparent aur hard hoon, lekin gira do to tukdon mein toot jaata hoon.

      Solution dikhao

      AnswerGlass.

      Transparent, hard aur tootne wala: glass.

    2. Main soft aur safed hoon. Main paani mein nahi ghulta. Doctors mujhse chhoti chot saaf karte hain.

      Solution dikhao

      AnswerCotton wool.

      Soft, insoluble aur ghaav saaf karne mein kaam aane wala: cotton wool.

    3. Naya hone par main chamakta hoon, lekin purana hone par bhoora ya hara ho jaata hoon. Lote aur bijli ke wires mujhse bante hain.

      Solution dikhao

      AnswerCopper.

      Ek lustrous metal jis par time ke saath dull coating chadh jaati hai: copper.

    4. Main paani mein ghul jaata hoon, use sunehra bhoora karta hoon aur meetha bana deta hoon.

      Solution dikhao

      AnswerGud (jaggery).

      Soluble, meetha aur bhoora: gud.

    5. Main opaque aur hard hoon. Main bhatti mein paki clay se bana hoon, aur log mujhse deewarein banate hain.

      Solution dikhao

      AnswerEent.

      Paki hui clay jo hard aur opaque hai: eent.

    6. Ab kisi material par apni khud ki "Main kaun hoon?" paheli likho, kam se kam teen properties ke saath.

      Solution dikhao

      AnswerJawaab alag-alag ho sakte hain.

      Example: "Main paani par tairta hoon. Main itna soft hoon ki nail se khurach sakte ho. Main ghulta nahi. Diwali par main roshni deta hoon. Main kaun hoon?" (Jawaab: mombatti ka wax.)

  10. Short answerMediumNCERT Exercises Q10

    Tum picnic ke liye nimbu-paani aur salad dressing bana rahe ho.

    1. Nimbu-paani mein paani, nimbu ka ras, chini aur chutki bhar namak hota hai. Inmein se kaun paani mein poori tarah ghul ya mil jaate hain?

      Saare sahi options chuno
      Answer dekho
      Answer
      • (A) nimbu ka ras
      • (B) chini
      • (C) namak
      Teeno: chini aur namak ghul jaate hain, aur nimbu ka ras paani mein poori tarah mil jaata hai.

    2. Salad dressing ek bottle mein oil aur nimbu ka ras hai. Daalne se theek pehle use hilaana kyun padta hai?

      Solution dikhao

      AnswerOil milta nahi; woh alag hokar upar parat bana leta hai.

      Oil paani jaise nimbu ke ras mein na ghulta hai na milta hai. Jab bottle ruki rehti hai, to oil upar uthkar alag parat bana leta hai. Hilaane se woh thodi der ke liye chhoti boondon mein toot jaata hai, isliye dono saath mein bahar aate hain.

    3. Galti se koi nimbu-paani mein ek chammach rava gira deta hai. Paanch minute baad tumhe kya dikhega?

      Solution dikhao

      AnswerRava neeche baith jaata hai; woh ghulta nahi.

      Rava paani mein insoluble hai. Woh thoda paani sokhta hai, phool jaata hai aur jug ke tale par baith jaata hai.

  11. Quick answerEasy

    Raincoat ke liye sabse bekaar material kaun sa hoga?

    Answer dekho

    Answer (C) akhbaar

    Akhbaar paani sokh leta hai aur phat jaata hai. Plastic, rubber-coated cloth aur wax lagaya cloth paani ko bahar rakhte hain.
  12. Quick answerMedium

    Ek chhote patthar ka volume nikaalne ke steps ko order mein lagao.

    1. Bowl ko kinaare tak bharo aur use ek plate mein rakho
    2. Plate ka paani measuring cup mein daalo
    3. Patthar ko dheere se bowl mein daalo
    4. Measuring cup par volume padho
    Answer dekho
    Answer
    1. Bowl ko kinaare tak bharo aur use ek plate mein rakho
    2. Patthar ko dheere se bowl mein daalo
    3. Plate ka paani measuring cup mein daalo
    4. Measuring cup par volume padho
    Patthar apne volume ke barabar paani bahar nikaalta hai. Woh paani ikattha karo, phir use naapo.
  13. Quick answerEasy

    1 L ki paani ki bottle ko aise glasses mein daala jaata hai jinmein 200 mL aata hai. Kitne glass bhar sakte hain?

    Answer dekho

    Answer 5

    1 L = 1000 mL, aur 1000 mL ÷ 200 mL = 5 glass.
  14. Quick answerMedium

    Paani ki ek tanki mein 5 m³ paani aata hai. Woh kitne litre hua?

    L
    Answer dekho

    Answer 5000 L

    Har cubic metre mein 1000 L aata hai, isliye 5 m³ = 5 × 1000 L = 5000 L.
  15. Quick answerMedium

    Woh saari properties chuno jo har material mein hoti hain.

    Saare sahi options chuno
    Answer dekho
    Answer
    • (A) mass
    • (C) volume (jagah gherta hai)
    Har material ka mass hota hai aur woh jagah gherta hai. Isiliye har material matter hai. Lustre, solubility aur hardness har material mein alag hoti hai.
  16. Quick answerEasy

    Har test ko us property se match karo jo woh check karta hai.

    Left mein koi item tap karo, phir right mein uska match.

    Answer dekho
    Answer
    • us par torch chamkao : lustre
    • uske aar-paar lamp dekho : woh kitna aar-paar dikhata hai
    • use dabao aur khurcho : hardness
    • use paani mein hilaa kar daalo : solubility
    • use balance par rakho : mass
    Har test ek property check karta hai: lustre ke liye torch, transparency ke liye lamp, hardness ke liye dabaana aur khurachna, solubility ke liye hilaana, mass ke liye balance.

Apna NCERT exercise question dhoondo

Hamare practice questions ncert.ai ke liye likhe gaye hain aur NCERT exercises ko follow karte hain. Apni textbook ke question se match karne wala question dhoondo; uska answer uske saath hai.

Tumhari NCERT textbook meinYahan practice question
NCERT Exercises Q1Practice Q1
NCERT Exercises Q2Practice Q2
NCERT Exercises Q3Practice Q3
NCERT Exercises Q4Practice Q4
NCERT Exercises Q5Practice Q5
NCERT Exercises Q6Practice Q6
NCERT Exercises Q7Practice Q7
NCERT Exercises Q8Practice Q8
NCERT Exercises Q9Practice Q9
NCERT Exercises Q10Practice Q10

Quick check: MCQs

  1. 6.1 Aas-paas ki Cheezon ko Observe Karna3 questions
  2. Sahi material chunna4 questions
  3. 6.3.1 Materials ka appearance observe karo aur pehchaano4 questions
  4. 6.3.2 Kaun se materials hard hain?4 questions
  5. 6.3.3 Aise materials explore karo jinke aar-paar dikhta hai ya nahi dikhta4 questions
  6. 6.3.4 Kya Paani mein Soluble hai, Kya Nahi?4 questions
  7. 6.3.5 Kitna bhaari ya halka?4 questions
  8. 6.3.6 Jagah aur volume4 questions
  9. Kya hawa matter hai?4 questions
  10. Chalo khelein: word partners1 question
Glossary · 15

Key terms (English + Hindi)

classificationवर्गीकरणvargikaran
Cheezon ko unki common property se groups mein rakhna.Chapter mein pehli baar yahan aaya →
hardकठोरkathor
Jise dabaana ya khurachna mushkil ho, jaise kankad ya steel.Chapter mein pehli baar yahan aaya →
insolubleअघुलनशीलaghulansheel
Jo kisi liquid mein ghul na sake, jaise paani mein ret.Chapter mein pehli baar yahan aaya →
lustrousचमकीलाchamkila
Jismein natural chamak ho, jaise abhi-abhi saaf kiya metal.Chapter mein pehli baar yahan aaya →
massद्रव्यमानdravyaman
Kisi cheez mein matter ki maatra, jo grams (g) aur kilograms (kg) mein naapi jaati hai.Chapter mein pehli baar yahan aaya →
materialपदार्थpadarth
Woh cheez jisse koi object bana hota hai, jaise wood, glass, steel ya cotton.Chapter mein pehli baar yahan aaya →
matterद्रव्यdravya
Koi bhi cheez jiska mass ho aur jo jagah ghere.Chapter mein pehli baar yahan aaya →
non-lustrous
Jismein chamak na ho, jaise clay ka matka, cork ya cotton ki hanky.Chapter mein pehli baar yahan aaya →
opaqueअपारदर्शीapardarshi
Jo bilkul roshni aar-paar na jaane de, isliye uske aar-paar kuch na dikhe, jaise wood ya metal.Chapter mein pehli baar yahan aaya →
propertyगुणgun
Ek feature jo batata hai ki material kaisa dikhta hai, kaisa lagta hai ya kaise behave karta hai, jaise chamak ya hardness.Chapter mein pehli baar yahan aaya →
softमुलायमmulayam
Jise dabaana ya khurachna aasaan ho, jaise sponge ya mombatti ka wax.Chapter mein pehli baar yahan aaya →
solubleघुलनशीलghulansheel
Ghul sakne wala, yaani kisi liquid mein itna phail jaana ki phir dikhe nahi, jaise paani mein chini.Chapter mein pehli baar yahan aaya →
translucentपारभासीparbhasi
Jo thodi roshni aar-paar jaane de, isliye sirf dhundhli shapes dikhein, jaise butter paper.Chapter mein pehli baar yahan aaya →
transparentपारदर्शीpardarshi
Jiske aar-paar saaf dikhe, jaise saaf glass ya saaf paani.Chapter mein pehli baar yahan aaya →
volumeआयतनaayatan
Koi cheez jitni jagah gherti hai, jo millilitres (mL) aur litres (L) mein naapi jaati hai.Chapter mein pehli baar yahan aaya →

Tum chapter ke end tak pahunch gaye