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CuriosityCh 7 Temperature aur uska Measurement

Temperature and its Measurement (Temperature aur uska Measurement): Class 6 Science Chapter 7 Hinglish mein

Curiosity · Hinglish notes, simulations aur practice · Official NCERT chapter PDF ↗

Published · Updated

  • 85 min
  • 2 simulations
  • 18 practice questions
  • 17 MCQs

Is chapter mein aap kya seekhenge

  • Samjhana ki touch se hum bharose ke saath kyun nahi bata sakte ki koi cheez kitni garam ya thandi hai
  • Temperature ko garmi ka ek naap samajhna aur cheezon ko unke temperature se compare karna
  • Body temperature naapne ke liye digital clinical thermometer ko safely aur saaf-safai se use karna
  • Celsius, Fahrenheit aur Kelvin scales ko jodna aur Celsius temperature ko kelvin mein badalna
  • Laboratory thermometer ki range aur ek division ki value nikaalna, aur use sahi tarah padhna
  • Kisi liquid ka temperature naapne ka sahi tareeka aur precautions follow karna
  • Hawa ka roz ka maximum aur minimum temperature record karna aur uska analysis karna

NCERT Science Class 6, Chapter 7, pp. 123–142 par based original companion text. Yeh NCERT se juda nahi hai aur NCERT ne ise endorse nahi kiya hai.

7.1 Garam ya Thanda?

Jaipur ki ek umas bhari dopahar hai. Tumhara chhota cousin Chintu gali ke cricket match se laal gaal aur paseene mein bheega daudta hua andar aata hai. Nani ne abhi-abhi garam tawe par rotiyan bana kar khatam ki hain. Woh apne garam haath ka pichhla hissa uske maathe par rakhti hain. “Yeh to theek hai,” woh kehti hain.

Phir Mama andar aate hain, haath mein fridge se nikli thandi paani ki bottle liye. Woh apni thandi ungliyon se usi maathe ko chhoote hain. “Isko to tez bukhaar hai!” Do samajhdaar bade log, ek maatha, do ulte jawab. Hum kiski baat maanein?

Hum din bhar cheezon ko garam aur thande mein baante rehte hain. Chulhe se abhi utra doodh ka steel ka glass chhoote hi tum jhat se haath peeche kheench lete ho. Kulfi ka ek bite daanton mein jhunjhunahat kar deta hai. Aise bade farak tumhari skin har baar sahi pakadti hai. Chhote farak mushkil hote hain, aur tumhari skin ko dhokha bhi diya ja sakta hai. Agli activity dikhati hai kaise.

3/3Usi bowl mein rakha thermometer ek hi jawab deta hai: 27 °C.

Fig. 7.1Do haath, ek bowl, do ulte jawab. Thermometer sirf ek jawab deta hai.NCERT Fig. 7.1 · p. 124

Ek table par teen steel ki bowls rakhi hain, jin par warm, tap aur icy likha hai; garam bowl ke upar bhaap hai aur barfeeli bowl mein ice cubes tair rahe hain. Pehle step mein haath 1 garam bowl mein aur haath 2 barfeeli bowl mein dooba hai, aur ek ghadi ek minute dikhati hai. Doosre step mein dono haath nal ke paani wali bowl mein hain; haath 1 ke speech bubble mein likha hai thanda hai aur haath 2 ke bubble mein garam hai. Aakhri step mein haath bahar nikal aate hain aur nal ke paani mein khada ek digital thermometer 27 °C dikhata hai.

To touch humein dhokha de sakta hai. Tumhare haath jhooth nahi bol rahe the; woh compare kar rahe the. Chintu ke saath bhi bilkul yahi hua. Nani ka haath tawe se garam tha, isliye unhe uska maatha normal laga. Mama ka haath bottle se thanda tha, isliye unhe wahi maatha jalta hua laga.

Quick check
3 mein se 1
Ravi ek minute tak ice wali thandi lassi ka glass pakadta hai. Phir woh table par rakhi ek steel ki chammach chhoota hai. Use chammach shayad kaisi lagegi?
Answer dekho

Answer (A) Asal se zyaada garam

Uski thandi ungliyan chammach ko barfeele glass se compare karti hain, isliye chammach asal se zyaada garam lagti hai. Woh zyaada thandi nahi lag sakti, kyunki ab uski ungliyan chammach se zyaada thandi hain.

7.2 Temperature

To humein ek aisa judge chahiye jise dhokha na diya ja sake. Woh judge hai thermometer (तापमापी). Iska naam do Greek words se bana hai: thermo yaani heat, aur meter yaani naap. “Thoda garam” ya “bahut thanda” kehne ki jagah thermometer ek number deta hai, aur us number ko temperature (ताप) kehte hain. Tumhare do haath bahas kar sakte the, lekin number bahas nahi karta.

Definition
Temperature

Kisi cheez ke garam ya thande hone ka naap: cheez jitni garam, number utna bada.

ExampleUbalta paani lagbhag 100 °C par hota hai; fridge se nikla nimbu pani shayad 8 °C par ho.

Temperature garmi ko ek seedhi par rakh deta hai: cheez jitni garam, uska number utna upar. Fig. 7.2 kuch roz ki cheezon ko ek hi scale par dikhata hai. Numbers se compare karna bhi aasaan ho jaata hai. Maan lo tumhari chai 70 °C par hai aur tumhari body 37 °C par. Ghatao: 70 − 37 = 33. Chai tumse 33 °C zyaada garam hai, isiliye bada ghoont lete hi tumhari saans atak jaati hai!

4/470 °C wali chai 37 °C wali tumhari body se 33 °C zyaada garam hai.

Fig. 7.2Har cheez ko ek hi scale par jagah milti hai. Jitna upar, utna garam. (Values aam taur wali hain.)

Ek lamba thermometer jaisa scale neeche −20 se upar 100 tak jaata hai; thande sire par blue aur garam sire par orange rang hai, aur paas mein garam likha ek arrow hai. Pehle step mein neeche ke paas do lines aati hain: −18 °C par freezer aur 0 °C par pighalti ice. Doosre step mein 25 °C par basant ka kamra aur 37 °C par tumhari body judte hain. Teesre step mein upar ke paas 70 °C par garam chai ka cup aur 100 °C par ubalta paani dikhte hain. Aakhri step mein ek double arrow chai aur body ko jodta hai, saath mein likha hai tumse 33 °C garam.

Thermometers kai tarah ke hote hain, aur unmein se do is chapter ke star hain. Science lab wala, laboratory thermometer, talaab ke paani, ice ke cup ya ubalte paani mein daala ja sakta hai. Tumhare medicine box wala, clinical thermometer, ka bas ek hi kaam hai: insaan ki body ka temperature check karna.

Definition
Thermometer

Temperature naapne ka ek instrument.

ExampleTumhare ghar ke medicine box mein rakha digital thermometer.

SimulationGaram paani, busy particles

Paani ka ek band container jismein paani chalte hue particles ki tarah dikhaya gaya hai, paas mein ek thermometer, aur temperature, state aur molecules ki average speed ki readings. Ek slider temperature ko 5 °C se 90 °C ke beech set karta hai. Jab paani thanda hota hai to particles dheere chalte hain aur average speed kam hoti hai; jaise tum use garam karte ho, woh tez chalne lagte hain aur average speed badhti hai, jabki paani liquid hi rehta hai.

Fig. 7.3Temperature ko slide karo aur particles aur Average speed reading ko dekho.
Try karo
  • Slider ko 10 °C par, phir 80 °C par rakho. Average speed reading kis taraf badalti hai?
  • Kya dono temperatures par paani abhi bhi liquid hai? State reading check karo.
Quick check
3 mein se 1
Inhe sabse thande se sabse garam ke order mein lagao.
  1. Ek healthy bachcha (37 °C)
  2. Freezer mein ice cream (−15 °C)
  3. Nal ke paani ka ek glass (24 °C)
  4. Kettle se abhi nikli chai (85 °C)
Answer dekho
Answer
  1. Freezer mein ice cream (−15 °C)
  2. Nal ke paani ka ek glass (24 °C)
  3. Ek healthy bachcha (37 °C)
  4. Kettle se abhi nikli chai (85 °C)
Temperature cheezon ko theek se sort karta hai: number jitna chhota, cheez utni thandi. Zero se neeche ka number, jaise −15 °C, 0 °C se zyaada thanda hai.

7.3 Temperature Naapna

Alag-alag kaam ke liye alag-alag thermometers chahiye. Doctor ko aisa chahiye jo tumhare munh mein rakhna safe ho. Science lab ko aisa chahiye jo ubalte paani mein ja sake. Weather station ko aisa chahiye jo din-raat bahar hawa mein rahe. Chalo, ek-ek karke unse milte hain.

7.3.1 Clinical thermometer

Ghar ka medicine box kholo, to shayad tumhe ek patli plastic ki stick milegi jiske sire par metal ki tip aur ek chhoti si screen hogi. Tip mein chhupa ek nanha sensor use chhoone wali kisi bhi cheez ki garmi mehsoos karta hai, aur shirt ke button jitni chhoti battery screen chalati hai. Clinical word clinic se aaya hai, woh jagah jahan doctors mareezon ki dekhbhaal karte hain. Aur kyunki yeh thermometer apna jawab calculator ki tarah digits mein dikhata hai, ise digital clinical thermometer kehte hain.

4/4Beep ka matlab hai ki reading ab badal nahi rahi: 36.8 °C.

Fig. 7.4Digital clinical thermometer ko ek-ek step karke use karna.NCERT Fig. 7.2 · p. 125

Cap pehne ek bachche ka sir side se dikhta hai, aur uske saamne ek lamba safed digital thermometer hai. Pehle step mein labels metal ki tip, display aur button ki taraf ishaara karte hain. Doosre step mein button ke chaaron taraf ek ring dikhati hai ki use dabaya ja raha hai, aur display Lo °C dikhata hai. Teesre step mein thermometer khisak kar apni tip bachche ke honthon ke beech le jaata hai, aur display 35.8 °C dikhata hai, saath mein likha hai tip jeebh ke neeche. Aakhri step mein mudi hui awaaz ki lines aur beep word dikhte hain, aur display 36.8 °C dikhata hai.

Screen dekho: reading °C par khatam hoti hai. Chhota sa circle degree ke liye hai, aur C ka matlab hai Celsius scale, woh scale jis par India mein clinical thermometers aam taur par set hote hain. To 37 °C ko zor se “thirty-seven degrees Celsius” padhte hain.

Doctors 37.0 °C ko normal body temperature kehte hain. Yeh koi rule nahi hai jo har body ko maanna hi pade. Yeh ek average hai. Hazaaron healthy logon ka temperature naapo aur unki saari readings jodo. Total ko logon ki ginti se divide karo, aur jawab 37 °C ke bahut paas aata hai.

To healthy hote hue bhi tumhari reading naashte se pehle 36.7 °C aur kho-kho khelne ke baad 37.2 °C aa sakti hai. Neend bhari subah, bhaag-daud wali dopahar, yahan tak ki tumhari umar bhi: har cheez number ko thoda sa khiskaa deti hai. Fig. 7.5 aath healthy classmates dikhata hai.

3/3Bukhaar wale ek dost ki reading 38.6 °C hai, healthy group se kaafi door.

Fig. 7.5Healthy bodies sab bilkul 37.0 °C par nahi hoti; woh uske aas-paas jama hoti hain.

Ek number line 36.0 se 39.0 °C tak jaati hai, jis par har degree ke dasvein hisse par chhote ticks hain. Pehle step mein 36.6 aur 37.4 ke beech aath blue dots hain, 37.0 par do dots ek ke upar ek, aur upar title hai 8 healthy classmates. Doosre step mein ek dashed line 37.0 °C par average mark karti hai aur ek bracket healthy failaav ko gherta hai. Aakhri step mein 38.6 °C par ek orange triangle, jis par likha hai bukhaar wala dost, group se kaafi right mein hai.

Example

Class ka average

Fig. 7.5 ke aath healthy classmates ki readings 36.6, 36.8, 36.9, 37.0, 37.0, 37.1, 37.2 aur 37.4 hain (sab °C mein). Unka average temperature nikaalo.

Pehle khud try karo. Phir solution ek-ek step karke kholo.

Insaan ki body, bimar ho tab bhi, lagbhag hamesha 35 °C aur 42 °C ke beech kahin rehti hai. Isliye clinical thermometer ko numbers ki bas ek chhoti si khidki chahiye. Badle mein woh degree ke dasvein hisse dikha sakta hai, jaise 36.8 °C ya 36.9 °C.

Chhota bachcha thermometer jeebh ke neeche nahi rakhega, aur kuch dada-dadi ko bhi yeh mushkil lagta hai. Unke liye tip ko bagal (armpit) mein kas ke dabao. Bagal munh ke andar se thodi thandi hoti hai. Isliye screen asli body temperature se kam dikhati hai, lagbhag aadhe degree se ek degree tak.

Doosre temperature scales

Dadaji ke purane medicine box mein tumhe ek thermometer milta hai jo unke bilkul theek hone par 98.6 dikhata hai. Kya Dadaji ubal rahe hain? Bilkul nahi! Yeh thermometer ek doosre scale par ginti karta hai, Fahrenheit scale, aur iski readings °F par khatam hoti hain, jo degrees Fahrenheit ka chhota roop hai. Is par healthy body 98.6 °F dikhati hai. Yeh bilkul utni hi garmi hai jitni 37.0 °C, bas ek alag “bhasha” mein likhi hui. Aaj scientists °F kam hi use karte hain, lekin tumhe yeh abhi bhi kuch bukhaar wale thermometers par aur USA ki weather reports mein dikhega.

Scientists ka apna ek favourite scale hai. Yeh sabse kam temperature se shuru hota hai jo kabhi bhi ho sakta hai, absolute zero, isliye ismein negative numbers ki zaroorat hi nahi padti. Yeh Kelvin scale hai, aur iski unit hai kelvin (symbol K). Kelvin temperature ki SI unit hai: duniya bhar ke scientists ne ise use karne par sahmati di hai. Ek kelvin ka step ek degree Celsius ke step jitna hi bada hota hai. Isliye Celsius se kelvin mein badalne ke liye bas ek addition chahiye:

Celsius se kelvin
kelvin mein temperature=degree Celsius mein temperature+273.15

4/4Sabse kam mumkin: −273.15 °C = −459.67 °F = 0 K.

Fig. 7.6Teen scales, ek garmi: har line ek temperature ko teen tarah se likhti hai.

Teen khade scales saath-saath hain, jin par upar Celsius (°C), Fahrenheit (°F) aur Kelvin (K) likha hai, aur har ek mein neeche ke paas ek break hai. Pehle step mein ice melts (ice pighalti hai) likhi line 0 °C, 32 °F aur 273.15 K dikhati hai. Doosre step mein healthy body likhi line 37 °C, 98.6 °F aur 310.15 K jodti hai. Teesre step mein paani ubale likhi line 100 °C, 212 °F aur 373.15 K jodti hai. Aakhri step mein, break ke neeche, absolute zero, sabse thanda likhi line −273.15 °C, −459.67 °F aur 0 K dikhati hai.

Example

°C se kelvin

June ki ek dopahar Delhi mein temperature 44 °C tak pahunchta hai. Ek freezer ice cream ko −18 °C par rakhta hai. Dono temperatures kelvin mein likho.

Pehle khud try karo. Phir solution ek-ek step karke kholo.

Compare

Farak pehchaano

Aise likho

  • 37 °C
  • 310 K
  • 40 degrees Celsius
  • Celsius scale
  • 25 °C chhaaon mein

Aise nahi

  • 37°C, ya 37 °c
  • 310 °K
  • 40 degree celsius
  • celsius scale
  • 25 °C. chhaaon mein
Quick check
4 mein se 1
Leela ki healthy daadi ki bagal (armpit) wali reading 36.3 °C aati hai. Unka asli body temperature sabse zyaada shayad kitna hai:
Answer dekho

Answer (C) 37.0 °C

Bagal ki reading asli value se lagbhag aadha degree se ek degree tak kam aati hai. Isliye 36.3 °C ka matlab hai lagbhag 36.8 °C se 37.3 °C, yaani karib 37.0 °C.

Daal ubal rahi hai ya ice tray jam gayi hai, yeh check karne mein clinical thermometer kisi kaam ka nahi. Woh temperatures uski chhoti khidki se bahut bahar hain, aur bahut garam khana use kharaab bhi kar sakta hai. Aise kaamon ke liye humein ek alag tool chahiye.

7.3.2 Laboratory thermometer

Laboratory thermometer ek liquid ke liye lift jaisa hai. Liquid ko garam karo to woh expand hota hai, yaani use zyaada jagah chahiye; thanda karo to woh wapas sikud jaata hai. Thermometer us chhote se badlaav ko aisi movement mein badal deta hai jo tum dekh sako.

Liquid ke safar ke saath chalo. Woh neeche ek gol bulb mein shuru hota hai. Bulb ko garam karo aur liquid phool jaata hai. Uske nikalne ka ek hi raasta hai, baal jitna patla ek channel, bore, jo ek band glass tube mein upar jaata hai. Bore itna patla hai ki zara sa phoolna bhi dhaage ko kaafi upar dhakel deta hai. Bulb ko thanda karo aur dhaaga wapas neeche khisak jaata hai. Bore ke saath degree marks ka ek scale chalta hai: dhaage ki tip ke barabar wala mark hi temperature hai.

2/3Garam paani mein liquid expand hota hai: column 45 °C tak chadhta hai.

Fig. 7.7Bulb ko garam karo to column upar chadhta hai; thanda karo to neeche girta hai.NCERT Fig. 7.3a · p. 130

Ek khada laboratory thermometer jiska scale 0 se neeche se 100 °C se upar tak hai, aur labels band glass tube, patle bore, scale marks aur liquid wale bulb ki taraf ishaara karte hain. Pehle step mein laal column 25 °C par rukta hai, jis par likha hai 25 °C par. Doosre step mein bulb bhaap nikalte garam paani ke beaker mein hai aur column 45 °C tak upar chadhta hai. Aakhri step mein bulb ice cubes wale barfeele paani mein hai aur column 2 °C tak girta hai.

Definition
Ek division ki value

Thermometer ke scale par ek chhota space jitna temperature ka badlaav dikhata hai: sabse chhota badlaav jo woh dikha sakta hai.

ExampleNumbered marks 10 °C ke farak par aur unke beech 10 spaces: har division 1 °C hai.

4/4Column 30 se 7 divisions aage khatam hota hai: 30 + 7 × 0.5 = 33.5 °C.

Fig. 7.8Do numbered marks ka farak ÷ spaces ki ginti = ek division ki value.NCERT Fig. 7.3b · p. 131

Thermometer scale ka ek lamba horizontal close-up, jismein 30 aur 35 par numbered marks, unke beech chhote marks aur neeche ek laal liquid column hai. Pehle step mein 30 aur 35 ke marks par gola bana hai aur 35 − 30 = 5 °C likha aata hai. Doosre step mein unke beech ke das spaces ek ke baad ek shade hote hain aur 1 se 10 tak numbered hote hain. Teesre step mein ek box 5 °C ÷ 10 = 0.5 °C dikhata hai. Aakhri step mein ek hara bar column ko 30 se uske top tak mark karta hai, aur 30 + 7 × 0.5 = 33.5 °C likha aata hai.

Example

Mote scale wala thermometer padho

Aarav ke thermometer par numbered marks 0, 20, 40, 60 aur aage aise hi hain. 40 aur 60 ke beech 10 chhote spaces hain. Liquid 40 ke mark se 3 chhote divisions upar khatam hota hai. (a) Ek division ki value kitni hai? (b) Thermometer kya reading dikhata hai?

Pehle khud try karo. Phir solution ek-ek step karke kholo.

InteractiveThermometer reading lab

Ek interactive thermometer trainer. Left mein poora thermometer apni range ke saath hai; us par ek orange frame dikhata hai ki kaunsa hissa right mein bada karke dikhaya gaya hai, jahan chhote divisions aur numbered marks bade aur ginne mein aasaan hain. Read it mode mein tum paanch buttons mein se chunte ho ki ek chhote division ki value kitni hai, phir dikhaya gaya temperature type karte ho; galat koshish ke baad ek hint aata hai aur doosri baar ke baad jawab samjhaya jaata hai. Set it mode mein tum laal column ko drag karte ho ya arrow buttons use karke diya gaya temperature dikhate ho, phir check karte ho. Ek button 1 °C, 0.5 °C aur 2 °C divisions wale thermometers ke beech badalta hai, jinmein ek zero se neeche bhi padhta hai.

Fig. 7.9Chaar alag thermometers par practice karo. Read it mein pata karo ki ek division ki value kitni hai, phir reading type karo. Set it mein laal column ko drag karo (ya arrows use karo) aur poocha gaya temperature dikhao. Koshish karo ki paanch baar pehli hi baar mein sahi ho!

Accha thermometer bhi laaparwaahi se use karne par galat jawab deta hai. Kisi liquid ki reading par bharosa karne se pehle SURE kar lo:

  • Straight: thermometer seedha khada hai, tircha nahi.
  • Under: poora bulb liquid ke andar, beech mein hai, na tale ko chhoo raha hai na deewaron ko.
  • Read in place: tum use tab padhte ho jab bulb abhi bhi liquid mein hai.
  • Eye level: tumhari aankh liquid ke dhaage ke top ke barabar hai.

4/4✓ Seedha khada, bulb paani ke beech mein, aankh column ke barabar.

Fig. 7.10Teen aam galtiyan, phir sahi tareeka.NCERT Fig. 7.4 · p. 132

Bhaap nikalte garam paani ka ek beaker aur ek laboratory thermometer, upar cross ya tick ka badge. Pehle step mein bulb beaker ke tale par tika hai, jis par gola bana hai, aur likha hai bulb tale ko chhoo raha. Doosre step mein thermometer ek dashed khadi line ke paas tircha jhuka hai, aur likha hai thermometer tircha. Teesre step mein thermometer beaker ke bahar khada hai, neeche ki taraf ek arrow par girta likha hai, aur likha hai bahar nikaal kar padha. Aakhri step mein, tick ke saath, thermometer seedha khada hai, bulb paani ke beech mein, aur ek dashed line column ke top ko usi height par ek aankh se jodti hai.

Aankh ki height se farak kyun padta hai? Scale glass ke saamne wali surface par bana hota hai, jabki liquid ka dhaaga thoda andar hota hai. Agar tum upar se ya neeche se dekho, to tumhari nazar ki line scale ko galat mark par kaatti hai, jaisa Fig. 7.11 dikhata hai.

3/3Aankh column ke barabar: 40 °C, sahi reading.

Fig. 7.11Tumhari aankh kahan hai, isse tay hota hai ki nazar ki line scale ko kahan kaategi. (Asal se kaafi bada banaya gaya hai.)

Thermometer ka bada kiya hua side view: glass ka ek mota tukda jiske andar liquid ka dhaaga hai, jiska top 40 par hai, aur saamne ki surface par 36 se 44 tak numbered scale marks. Pehle step mein ek aankh right mein upar hai aur aankh se liquid ke top tak ek dashed nazar ki line scale ko 41 par kaatti hai: 41 °C padha, zyaada. Doosre step mein aankh neeche hai aur line scale ko 39 par kaatti hai: 39 °C padha, kam. Aakhri step mein aankh liquid ke top ke barabar hai aur line 40 par kaatti hai: 40 °C padha, sahi.

SimulationIce ko vapour banne tak garam karo

Paani ka ek band container jismein paani particles ki tarah dikhaya gaya hai, saath mein ek thermometer aur temperature, state aur particle speed ki readings. Yeh −10 °C par ice ki tarah shuru hota hai. Ek slider heater ka target temperature −20 °C se 120 °C tak set karta hai. Jaise paani garam hota hai, temperature 0 °C tak chadhta hai aur jab tak ice pighalti hai wahin rukta hai, phir 100 °C tak chadhta hai aur jab tak paani ubal kar vapour banta hai wahin rukta hai, aur phir se badhne lagta hai.

Fig. 7.12Ek high temperature set karo aur Temperature reading par nazar rakho. Woh kahan rukta hai? (Sim garam water vapour ko “steam” kehta hai.)
Try karo
  • −10 °C se shuru karo aur slider ko 20 °C tak drag karo. Jab State Melting kehta hai, tab Temperature reading kya dikhati hai?
  • Ab slider ko 110 °C tak drag karo. Paani ubalte samay reading kis temperature par rukti hai?
ExampleNCERT Activity 7.6 · p. 133

Readings kitni paas hain?

Karthik ki ajeeb reading ko chhod do. Ubalte paani ki baaki paanch readings se nikaalo (a) sabse zyaada aur sabse kam reading aur (b) unke beech ka farak.

Pehle khud try karo. Phir solution ek-ek step karke kholo.

Quick check
4 mein se 1
Ek thermometer par numbered marks 50 °C aur 60 °C ke beech 20 chhote spaces hain. Ek chhote division ki value kitni hai?
°C
Answer dekho

Answer 0.5 °C

60 − 50 = 10 °C, aur har division ke liye 10 ÷ 20 = 0.5 °C.

7.3.3 Air temperature

Tumhari classroom abhi kitni garam hai? Yeh pata karne ke liye tumhe aisa thermometer chahiye jo bas hawa mein latka rahe: room thermometer. Zyaadatar ek chhote board par laga liquid thermometer hote hain, jiska scale 0 °C se neeche se lagbhag 50 °C tak hota hai. Use andar ki deewar par latkao, dhoop wali khidkiyon, lamps aur fans se door. Phir woh mota-mota batata hai ki kamre ki hawa kitni garam hai. Kuch gharon mein digital wale hote hain jo ghadi ke saath kamre ka temperature dikhate hain.

Newspaper ka weather page ya koi weather app kholo aur apna shehar dhoondho. Har din ke liye tumhe do air temperatures milenge. Ek hai maximum, din ka sabse zyaada. Doosra hai minimum, sabse kam. Maximum aam taur par dopahar mein aata hai, aur minimum subah-subah, sooraj nikalne ke aas-paas.

Definition
Air temperature

Kisi jagah ki hawa kitni garam ya thandi hai. Weather reports har din ka sabse zyaada (maximum) aur sabse kam (minimum) air temperature batati hain.

4/4Garmi aate-aate dono lines dheere-dheere upar khisakti hain.

Fig. 7.13Bhopal ka 20 se 29 March tak ka ek sample das din ka record. Numbers upar-neeche hote hain, lekin dono lines dheere-dheere upar chadhti hain.

Ek line chart jismein neeche 20 se 29 March tak ki dates hain aur side mein 15 se 40 °C tak temperature. Pehle step mein dots wali ek orange solid line har din ka maximum dikhati hai, jo 33 °C se shuru hokar 24 tareekh ko 32 °C tak girti hai aur 29 tareekh ko 39 °C tak chadhti hai. Doosre step mein squares wali ek blue dashed line minimum dikhati hai, jo 18 °C se 23 °C tak badhti hai. Teesre step mein 20 March par ek double arrow maximum aur minimum ke beech ke 15 °C ke gap ko gherta hai. Aakhri step mein dono lines ke beech ek mota arrow upar ki taraf jhuka hai, jis par likha hai garmi badhti.

Lines upar-neeche kyun hoti hain? Hawa din ke mausam ke hisaab se chalti hai: baadal bhara aasmaan, thandi hawa ya ek bauchhaar, sab temperature ko neeche rakh sakte hain. Chart mein 24 March dekho, jab baadalon ne maximum ko kam rakha. Thoda door se kai hafton ko dekho, to ek dheema pattern dikhta hai. Garmi ke mahine paas aate hi lines upar khisakti hain, aur sardi ke mahine aane par phir neeche aa jaati hain.

ExampleNCERT Activity 7.7 · p. 134

Weather table padhna

Yeh December mein Darjeeling ka paanch din ka record hai. (a) Kis din subah-subah sabse zyaada thand thi? (b) Kis din maximum aur minimum ke beech sabse bada gap tha?

Table 7.10December mein Darjeeling
DinMaximum (°C)Minimum (°C)
Monday124
Tuesday115
Wednesday133
Thursday102
Friday124

Pehle khud try karo. Phir solution ek-ek step karke kholo.

Air temperature theek se naapne ke liye thermometer ko dhoop se door rehna chahiye, warna woh Sun se garam hote apne hi glass ko naapega. Weather stations apne thermometers ek safed box mein rakhte hain jiski deewarein jaali-patti (slats) wali hoti hain, aur jo khuli jagah mein zameen se upar uthaya hota hai. Hawa slats se andar aati hai, lekin seedhi dhoop nahi. Har din aise hazaaron boxes ki readings, baarish, hawa aur humidity ke saath, weather scientists tak pahunchti hain. Isi tarah kal ka forecast banta hai.

Quick check
3 mein se 1
Din ke kis samay minimum air temperature aam taur par aata hai?
Answer dekho

Answer (B) Subah-subah, sooraj nikalne ke aas-paas

Zameen aur hawa raat bhar garmi khoti rehti hain, isliye sabse kam temperature aam taur par sooraj nikalne ke aas-paas aata hai. Maximum dopahar mein aata hai.
Flash cards · 12

Yaad rakhne wale words

1 / 12
Recap

Summary aur key points

  1. Touch compare karta hai; naapta nahi. Wahi paani ek haath ko thanda aur doosre ko garam lag sakta hai (Section 7.1).
  2. Temperature batata hai ki koi cheez kitni garam ya thandi hai: temperature jitna zyaada, cheez utni garam (Section 7.2).
  3. Thermometer temperature naapta hai. Clinical thermometers hamari body ke liye hain; laboratory thermometers zyaadatar baaki cheezon ke liye (Section 7.2).
  4. Digital clinical thermometer screen par body temperature °C mein dikhata hai. Har use se pehle aur baad uski tip saaf karo (Section 7.3.1).
  5. Normal body temperature, 37.0 °C ya 98.6 °F, ek average hai. Healthy log isse thoda alag ho sakte hain (Section 7.3.1).
  6. Teen aam scales hain Celsius (°C), Fahrenheit (°F) aur Kelvin (K). Kelvin SI unit hai, aur kelvin = degrees Celsius + 273.15 (Doosre temperature scales).
  7. Laboratory thermometer mein liquid wala bulb aur ek patla bore hota hai. Aam thermometer −10 °C se 110 °C tak padhta hai (Section 7.3.2).
  8. Ek chhota division = do numbered marks ka farak ÷ unke beech spaces ki ginti (Section 7.3.2).
  9. Liquid ko naapte samay thermometer seedha rakho, bulb liquid mein aur container se door, aur aankh column ke barabar (Section 7.3.2).
  10. Jab ice pighalti hai ya paani ubalta hai, temperature tika rehta hai (Section 7.3.2).
  11. Weather reports har din ka maximum aur minimum air temperature batati hain, aur yeh din-ba-din badalte rehte hain (Section 7.3.3).
Fig. 7.14Exercises ke liye close-ups P, Q aur R. Saare scales °C mein hain.NCERT Fig. 7.8 · p. 138

Thermometer scales ke teen horizontal close-ups, ek ke neeche ek, sab degrees Celsius mein. P par 10, 20, 30 aur 40 par numbered marks hain aur pados ke marks ke beech 5 chhote spaces hain, aur uska laal column 20 ke mark se 3 chhote divisions aage khatam hota hai. Q par −10, −5, 0, 5 aur 10 par numbered marks hain aur pados ke marks ke beech 5 chhote spaces hain, aur uska column 0 ke mark se 4 chhote divisions neeche khatam hota hai. R par 16, 18, 20, 22 aur 24 par numbered marks hain, pados ke marks ke beech 4 chhote spaces aur unke theek beech mein ek thoda lamba mark hai; uska column 20 ke mark se 3 chhote divisions aage khatam hota hai.

Table 7.11Hospital mein Dadi ka temperature chart (°C)NCERT Table 7.4 · p. 139
Din6 am6 pm
Monday38.439.2
Tuesday38.939.4
Wednesday38.338.7
Thursday37.637.9
Friday37.037.2
Practice · 18 questions

Practice questions answers ke saath (NCERT “Exercises”)

  1. Quick answerEasyNCERT Exercises Q1

    Ek hafte acche khaane aur neend ke baad Ishita phir se fit hai. Ab uske clinical thermometer se tum kaunsi reading expect karoge?

    Answer dekho

    Answer (D) 37.0 °C

    Healthy logon ki reading 37.0 °C ke paas aati hai. Number 98.6 °F ke saath jaata hai, °C ke saath nahi; 35.0 °F ice se bhi thanda hai; aur 40.5 °C tez bukhaar hoga.
  2. Quick answerEasyNCERT Exercises Q2

    °F mein marks wala ek thermometer 98.6 °F dikhata hai. Celsius scale par yahi temperature hai:

    Answer dekho

    Answer (D) 37.0 °C

    98.6 °F aur 37.0 °C ek hi healthy body temperature ko do alag scales par batate hain. Number 98.6 rakh kar °C likhne ka matlab hoga chai ke cup se bhi garam body, aur 310.15 kelvin wali value hai, jo kabhi °C ke saath nahi likhi jaati.
  3. Quick answerEasyNCERT Exercises Q3

    Khaali jagah bharo. (i) Temperature ki SI unit, jo har jagah scientists use karte hain, hai. (ii) Kavya ka thermometer 36.9 °C dikhata hai, aur °C ka matlab hai degrees . (iii) Tumhari ungliyan dhokha kha sakti hain, lekin thermometer chai ke cup ka sahi batata hai. (iv) Ubalti daal ke bartan ko tum thermometer se check nahi kar sakte, kyunki woh sirf lagbhag 35 °C se 42 °C tak padhta hai.

    Answer dekho

    Answer (1) kelvin, (2) Celsius, (3) temperature, (4) clinical

    Kelvin (K) SI unit hai; °C ka matlab degrees Celsius hai; thermometer temperature naapta hai; aur clinical thermometer ki range body temperature ke aas-paas bas chhoti si hoti hai.
  4. Quick answerEasyNCERT Exercises Q4

    Har thermometer ko uski aam range se milao.

    Left mein koi item tap karo, phir right mein uska match.

    Answer dekho
    Answer
    • Ghar ka digital clinical thermometer : lagbhag 35 °C se 42 °C
    • School ka laboratory thermometer : lagbhag −10 °C se 110 °C
    • Deewar par laga room thermometer : lagbhag −10 °C se 50 °C
    Clinical thermometer ko sirf body temperatures chahiye. Laboratory thermometer ko ice aur ubalta paani dono sambhaalne hain. Room thermometer ko sirf woh temperatures chahiye jahan tak kamre ki hawa pahunch sakti hai.
  5. Short answerMediumNCERT Exercises Q5

    Kabir ko beaker mein rakhe kuch garam paani ka temperature pata karna hai. Dekho woh theek-theek kya karta hai. Step 1: Woh thermometer ko bulb ke paas se kas ke pakadta hai taaki woh phisle nahi. Step 2: Woh use tab tak neeche le jaata hai jab tak bulb beaker ke tale par na tik jaaye. Step 3: Woh use seedha rakhta hai aur column ka chadhna rukne tak intezaar karta hai. Step 4: Woh use bahar nikaal kar padhne ke liye khidki ke paas le jaata hai, jahan roshni behtar hai.

    1. Kabir ke kaunse steps galat hain? Saare chuno.

      Saare sahi options chuno
      Answer dekho
      Answer
      • (A) Step 1
      • (B) Step 2
      • (D) Step 4
      Steps 1, 2 aur 4 galat hain. Sirf Step 3 sahi hai: thermometer seedha hona chahiye, aur column ka chadhna rukne tak intezaar karna chahiye.

    2. Uska tareeka phir se likho taaki har step sahi ho.

      Solution dikhao

      AnswerUse upar ke paas se pakdo, bulb ko paani ke beech mein latakne do, column rukne tak use seedha rakho, aur paani mein hi aankh column ke barabar rakh kar padho.

      Step 1: bulb par ungliyan andar ke liquid ko garam kar deti hain, isliye use thermometer upar ke paas se pakadna chahiye. Step 2: tale par tika bulb paani ki jagah kuch had tak glass ko naapta hai, isliye bulb paani ke beech mein latakna chahiye. Step 3 sahi tha. Step 4: paani se bahar nikalte hi column girne lagta hai, isliye use bulb paani mein rehte hue hi padhna chahiye, aur itna jhukna chahiye ki aankh column ke top ke barabar aa jaaye.

  6. DiagramMediumNCERT Exercises Q6

    Ek mote scale wale laboratory thermometer par har 10 °C par numbered mark hai, aur pados ke marks ke beech sirf 5 chhote spaces hain. Har temperature ke liye pata karo ki laal column ka top kahan hona chahiye. Aisi aur practice ke liye thermometer reading lab mein Set it try karo.

    1. 38 °C ke liye, 30 °C ke mark se kitne chhote divisions upar?

      Answer dekho

      Answer 4

      Har division 10 ÷ 5 = 2 °C hai. 38 − 30 = 8 °C, aur 8 ÷ 2 = 4, isliye 30 ke mark se 4 divisions upar.

    2. 12 °C ke liye, 10 °C ke mark se kitne chhote divisions upar?

      Answer dekho

      Answer 1

      12 − 10 = 2 °C, jo 10 ke mark se 2 °C ka bas 1 division upar hai.

    3. 25 °C ke liye column ka top kahan jaayega?

      Solution dikhao

      Answer20 °C ke mark ke upar 2nd aur 3rd chhote marks ke theek beech mein.

      Har division 2 °C hai, isliye 20 ke upar 2nd chhota mark 24 °C ka hai aur 3rd 26 °C ka. 25 °C unke theek beech mein hai, isliye column us space ke beech mein khatam hota hai.

  7. Short answerMediumNCERT Exercises Q7

    Fig. 7.14 ka close-up Q ek aise thermometer ka hai jo namak mili ice ki bowl mein khada hai.

    1. Q par ek chhote division ki value kitni hai?

      °C
      Answer dekho

      Answer 1 °C

      Numbered marks 5 °C ke farak par aur unke beech 5 spaces: 5 ÷ 5 = 1 °C.

    2. Q kya temperature dikhata hai?

      °C
      Answer dekho

      Answer -4 °C

      Column 0 ke mark se 4 divisions neeche khatam hota hai (−5 ke mark se 1 division upar), isliye reading 0 − 4 × 1 = −4 °C hai.

    3. Ice pighalti hai aur mixture 9 °C garam ho jaata hai. Tab Q kya padhega?

      °C
      Answer dekho

      Answer 5 °C

      −4 + 9 = 5 °C: ab column 0 ke mark se 5 divisions upar khatam hota hai.

    4. Kya Q kisi clinical thermometer ka hissa ho sakta hai? Wajah batao.

      Solution dikhao

      AnswerNahi. Iske marks 0 °C se neeche jaate hain, clinical thermometer ke 35 °C se 42 °C se bahut bahar.

      Nahi. Clinical thermometer ko sirf lagbhag 35 °C se 42 °C chahiye. Q par −10 °C se upar marks hain, isliye yeh laboratory ya room thermometer ka hai.

  8. Short answerMediumNCERT Exercises Q8

    Tumhari cousin apna bukhaar check karne ke liye school ka laboratory thermometer use karna chahti hai. Do wajahein batao ki yeh accha idea kyun nahi hai.

    Solution dikhao

    AnswerMunh se nikalte hi uski reading girne lagti hai, aur munh mein lambi glass ki tube safe nahi hai. Uske 1 °C ke divisions bhi bukhaar ke liye bahut mote hain.

    Laboratory thermometer ko tab padhna padta hai jab uska bulb abhi bhi naapi ja rahi cheez ko chhoo raha ho. Munh se nikalte hi uska column girne lagta hai, isliye reading kam aati hai. Uske divisions aam taur par 1 °C ke hote hain, jo 37.4 °C aur 37.8 °C mein farak batane ke liye bahut mote hain. Yeh ek lambi glass ki tube bhi hai jo aasaani se toot jaati hai, aur kuch mein zehreela mercury hota hai. Clinical thermometer isi kaam ke liye bana hai.

  9. Short answerMediumNCERT Exercises Q9

    Ek infection ke baad Dadi paanch din hospital mein rahin. Ek nurse ne din mein do baar, 6 am aur 6 pm par, unka temperature likha (Table 7.11).

    1. Dadi ka temperature sabse zyaada kab tha?

      Answer dekho

      Answer (D) Tuesday ko 6 pm par

      Chart ka sabse bada number, 39.4 °C, Tuesday wali line mein 6 pm ke neeche hai. Monday ko 6 pm (39.2 °C) paas aata hai, lekin thoda kam hai.

    2. Das readings mein se kitni 38 °C se upar thin?

      Answer dekho

      Answer 6

      Monday, Tuesday aur Wednesday ki dono readings 38 °C se upar hain: yaani 6. Thursday aur Friday 38 °C se neeche rehte hain.

    3. Dadi ke doctor patient ko tab ghar bhejte hain jab poore ek din har reading 37.5 °C se neeche rahe. Dadi ne yeh kis din kiya?

      Answer dekho

      Answer (C) Friday

      Friday ki readings, 37.0 °C aur 37.2 °C, dono 37.5 °C se neeche hain. Thursday lubhaata hai, lekin 37.6 °C aur 37.9 °C abhi bhi 37.5 °C se upar hain.

    4. Sabse zyaada reading se bilkul aakhri reading tak unka temperature kitna gira?

      °C
      Answer dekho

      Answer 2.2 °C

      Sabse zyaada reading 39.4 °C hai aur aakhri 37.2 °C: 39.4 − 37.2 = 2.2 °C.
  10. Short answerMediumNCERT Exercises Q10

    Fig. 7.14 ke teen close-ups compare karo. Har ek ek lambe thermometer ka hissa hai, jiske chhote divisions dikhne wale hisse ke aage bhi isi tarah chalte rehte hain.

    1. Kaunsa 27 °C ko theek kisi mark par nahi dikha sakta?

      Answer dekho

      Answer (A) P

      P ke divisions 2 °C ke hain, isliye uske paas 26 °C aur 28 °C ke marks hain lekin beech mein kuch nahi: 27 °C do marks ke beech padta hai. Q ke divisions 1 °C ke hain aur R ke 0.5 °C ke, isliye dono par 27 °C ka mark hai.

    2. Inmein se sirf ek hi 18.5 °C theek-theek dikha sakta hai. Kaunsa, aur kyun?

      Solution dikhao

      AnswerR, kyunki sirf R par har aadhe degree ka mark hai.

      P ke divisions 2 °C ke hain aur Q ke 1 °C ke, isliye dono par 18.5 °C ka mark nahi hai. R par 2 °C ke farak wale marks ke beech 4 spaces hain, isliye har division 0.5 °C hai, aur 18.5 °C 18 ke baad pehla chhota mark hai.

  11. Short answerMediumNCERT Exercises Q11

    Fig. 7.14 ke close-ups P aur R padho.

    1. P kya temperature dikhata hai?

      °C
      Answer dekho

      Answer 26 °C

      P par 10 °C ke farak wale marks ke beech 5 spaces hain, isliye ek division 2 °C hai. Column 20 se 3 divisions aage khatam hota hai: 20 + 3 × 2 = 26 °C.

    2. R kya temperature dikhata hai?

      Answer dekho

      Answer (C) 21.5 °C

      R par 2 °C ke farak wale marks ke beech 4 spaces hain, isliye ek division 2 ÷ 4 = 0.5 °C hai. Column 20 se 3 divisions aage khatam hota hai: 20 + 3 × 0.5 = 21.5 °C. 4 spaces ki jagah 5 lines se divide karne par 21.2 °C aata, aur har division ko 1 °C maanne par 23.0 °C.
  12. NumericalMediumNCERT Exercises Q12

    Ek thermometer banane wali chahti hai ki har chhota division 0.5 °C ka ho. Use 0 °C aur 40 °C ke marks ke beech kitne barabar divisions banane honge?

    Solution dikhao

    Marks ke beech 40 − 0 = 40 °C ka farak hai. Har division 0.5 °C hai, isliye use 40 ÷ 0.5 = 80 divisions chahiye. Check: 80 × 0.5 = 40 °C.

  13. DiagramHardNCERT Exercises Q13

    Bukhaar wale thermometer ke liye ek close-up scale design karo: 36, 37 aur 38 °C par numbered marks, aur har chhota division 0.2 °C ka. Dikhao ki 37.4 °C ki reading ke liye column kahan khatam hoga.

    1. 36 °C aur 38 °C ke marks ke beech kitne chhote spaces honge?

      Answer dekho

      Answer 10

      38 − 36 = 2 °C, aur 2 ÷ 0.2 = 10 spaces.

    2. Apni drawing samjhao aur batao ki 37.4 °C kahan aata hai.

      Solution dikhao

      AnswerHar degree mein paanch barabar spaces; 37.4 °C, 37 ke baad doosra chhota mark hai.

      36, 37 aur 38 °C ke liye lambe, numbered marks barabar doori par banao. 36 aur 37 ke beech 4 chhote marks banao taaki degree 0.2 °C ke 5 barabar spaces mein bat jaaye. 37 aur 38 ke beech bhi aisa hi karo. Kyunki 37.4 − 37 = 0.4 °C = 2 spaces, column 37 ke baad 2nd chhote mark par khatam hota hai.

  14. Quick answerMediumNCERT Exercises Q14

    Texas mein rehne wali tumhari cousin message bhejti hai: “Uff, aaj yahan 104 degrees hai!” Woh kaunsa scale use kar rahi hai?

    Answer dekho

    Answer (B) Fahrenheit: 40 °C wala bahut garam din

    104 °C ki hawa ubalte paani se bhi garam hogi, isliye yeh Celsius nahi ho sakta. 104 K lagbhag −169 °C hai, Earth par kahin bhi isse bahut zyaada thanda. Fahrenheit scale par 104 °F barabar hai 40 °C ke: ek bahut garam din.
  15. Quick answerMedium

    Liquid nitrogen, jise doctors skin se masse (warts) jama kar hataane ke liye use karte hain, −196 °C par ubalta hai. Yeh temperature kelvin mein likho.

    K
    Answer dekho

    Answer 77.15 K

    −196 + 273.15 = 77.15 K.
  16. Quick answerEasy

    Teen sau kelvin likhne ka sahi tareeka 300 °K hai.

    Answer dekho

    Answer Galat

    Kelvin ke saath degree sign kabhi use nahi hota. 300 K likho.
  17. Quick answerEasy

    Inhe sabse thande se sabse garam ke order mein lagao.

    1. Ek healthy insaan ki body
    2. Sea level par ubalta paani
    3. Freezer mein −18 °C par ice cream
    4. Pighalti ice
    5. Absolute zero
    Answer dekho
    Answer
    1. Absolute zero
    2. Freezer mein −18 °C par ice cream
    3. Pighalti ice
    4. Ek healthy insaan ki body
    5. Sea level par ubalta paani
    °C mein: −273.15, −18, 0, lagbhag 37 aur 100.
  18. Quick answerMedium

    Jaisalmer mein May ke ek din maximum air temperature 46 °C tha aur minimum 27 °C. Farak kitna tha?

    °C
    Answer dekho

    Answer 19 °C

    46 − 27 = 19 °C.

Apna NCERT exercise question dhoondo

Hamare practice questions ncert.ai ke liye likhe gaye hain aur NCERT exercises ko follow karte hain. Apni textbook ke question se match karne wala question dhoondo; uska answer uske saath hai.

Tumhari NCERT textbook meinYahan practice question
NCERT Exercises Q1Practice Q1
NCERT Exercises Q2Practice Q2
NCERT Exercises Q3Practice Q3
NCERT Exercises Q4Practice Q4
NCERT Exercises Q5Practice Q5
NCERT Exercises Q6Practice Q6
NCERT Exercises Q7Practice Q7
NCERT Exercises Q8Practice Q8
NCERT Exercises Q9Practice Q9
NCERT Exercises Q10Practice Q10
NCERT Exercises Q11Practice Q11
NCERT Exercises Q12Practice Q12
NCERT Exercises Q13Practice Q13
NCERT Exercises Q14Practice Q14

Quick check: MCQs

  1. 7.1 Garam ya Thanda?3 questions
  2. 7.2 Temperature3 questions
  3. Doosre temperature scales4 questions
  4. 7.3.2 Laboratory thermometer4 questions
  5. 7.3.3 Air temperature3 questions
Glossary · 12

Key terms (English + Hindi)

absolute zeroपरम शून्यparam shoonya
Sabse kam mumkin temperature: 0 K, yaani −273.15 °C.Chapter mein pehli baar yahan aaya →
air temperatureवायु तापvaayu taap
Hawa kitni garam ya thandi hai. Weather reports har din ka maximum aur minimum batati hain.Chapter mein pehli baar yahan aaya →
Celsius scaleसेल्सियस पैमानाselsiyas paimaana
India mein zyaadatar thermometers par use hone wala temperature scale. Iski unit degree Celsius (°C) hai.Chapter mein pehli baar yahan aaya →
clinical thermometerडॉक्टरी थर्मामीटरdoctori tharmameetar
Body temperature naapne wala thermometer. Iski range chhoti hai, lagbhag 35 °C se 42 °C.Chapter mein pehli baar yahan aaya →
Fahrenheit scaleफ़ारेनहाइट पैमानाfaarenhait paimaana
Ek temperature scale jiski unit degree Fahrenheit (°F) hai. 37.0 °C barabar hai 98.6 °F.Chapter mein pehli baar yahan aaya →
kelvinकेल्विनkelvin
Temperature ki SI unit, jo bina degree sign ke K likhi jaati hai. Kelvin = degrees Celsius + 273.15.Chapter mein pehli baar yahan aaya →
laboratory thermometerप्रयोगशाला तापमापीprayogshaala taapmaapi
Liquid wale bulb ke saath ek band glass tube, jo labs mein use hoti hai; aam thermometer −10 °C se 110 °C tak padhta hai.Chapter mein pehli baar yahan aaya →
normal body temperatureसामान्य शरीर तापsaamaanya shareer taap
Healthy logon ka average temperature, jise 37.0 °C (98.6 °F) maana jaata hai.Chapter mein pehli baar yahan aaya →
rangeपरिसरparisar
Sabse kam se sabse zyaada temperature tak ka failaav jo thermometer dikha sakta hai.Chapter mein pehli baar yahan aaya →
temperatureतापtaap
Kisi cheez ke garam ya thande hone ka naap. Cheez jitni garam, uska temperature utna zyaada.Chapter mein pehli baar yahan aaya →
thermometerतापमापीtaapmaapi
Temperature naapne ka ek instrument.Chapter mein pehli baar yahan aaya →
value of one divisionअल्पतमांकalpatamaank
Scale par ek chhota space jitna temperature ka badlaav dikhata hai: do numbered marks ka farak ÷ spaces ki ginti.

Tum chapter ke end tak pahunch gaye