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CuriosityCh 9 Roz ki Zindagi mein Separation ke Tareeke

Methods of Separation in Everyday Life (Roz ki Zindagi mein Separation ke Tareeke): Class 6 Science Chapter 9 Hinglish mein

Curiosity · Hinglish notes, simulations aur practice · Official NCERT chapter PDF ↗

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  • 115 min
  • 1 simulation
  • 14 practice questions
  • 35 MCQs

Is chapter mein aap kya seekhenge

  • Samjhana ki hum mixtures ko alag kyun karte hain: koi bekaar hissa hatane ke liye, do kaam ke hisse paane ke liye, ya sort karne ke liye
  • Kisi solid mixture ke liye handpicking, threshing, winnowing ya sieving chunna, uske hisson ka size, rang, shape ya bhaaripan compare karke
  • Namak jaise ghule hue solid ko evaporation se wapas paana, aur samjhana ki koi bhi filter use kyun nahi pakad sakta
  • Liquid se na ghulne wale solid ko sedimentation aur decantation ya filtration se alag karna, aur residue aur filtrate ke naam batana
  • Batana ki churning se dahi se makhan kaise alag hota hai aur magnet kisi dher se iron aur steel ko kaise alag karta hai
  • Teen ya zyada hisson wale mixture ke liye methods ka ek sequence plan karna
  • Paper-cone filter aur bottle filter jaise simple separation set-ups safely banana aur test karna

NCERT Science Class 6, Chapter 9, pp. 163–182 par based original companion text. Yeh NCERT se juda nahi hai aur NCERT ne ise endorse nahi kiya hai.

Hum cheezon ko alag kyun karte hain?

Rajma cooker mein jaane se pehle, ghar mein koi aksar sookhe daano ko steel ki thali par faila deta hai. Ek ungli unke beech chalti hai, aur bahar nikalte hain ek chhota grey patthar, ek tinka aur ek sikuda hua daana. Itni mehnat kyun? Kyunki ek chhota sa patthar daant tod sakta hai!

Daano ka woh bag ek mixture tha. Mixture do ya zyada alag-alag cheezon ko milakar banta hai. Mixture mein har hissa apna nature banaye rakhta hai: patthar sakht aur grey hi rehte hain, aur daane chikne aur laal hi rehte hain. Kyunki hisse alag bane rehte hain, hum unhe phir se alag kar sakte hain.

Hum mixtures ko kuch kaaranon se alag karte hain. Kabhi hum koi bekaar ya nuksaan karne wala hissa hatate hain, jaise rajma mein patthar ya paani mein mitti. Kabhi dono hisse kaam ke hote hain, aur hum har ek ko alag chahte hain, jaise dahi se makhan (butter) aur chhaachh (buttermilk). Aur kabhi hum bas cheezon ko groups mein sort karte hain, jaise market ke liye bade aur chhote aam.

4/4Aamon ko bade aur chhote mein sort kiya jaata hai, aur dono groups rakhe jaate hain.

Fig. 9.1Hum mixture ko isliye alag karte hain taaki koi unwanted hissa hata sakein, do kaam ke hisse rakh sakein, ya cheezon ko groups mein sort kar sakein.NCERT p. 163

Teen columns, har ek mein upar ek mixture aur neeche result. Pehle step mein sirf teen mixtures hain: plate par kuch pattharon ke saath rajma ke daane, dahi ka ek bartan, aur alag-alag size ke aamon ka ek dher. Doosre step mein pehle column mein plate par saaf daane hain aur patthar phenkne ke liye alag rakhe hain. Teesre step mein beech wale column mein makhan ka ek gola aur chhaachh ka ek glass hai, dono rakhe gaye. Aakhri step mein teesre column mein bade aam ek tokri mein aur chhote aam doosri tokri mein hain.

Hazaaron saalon mein logon ne cheezon ko alag karne ke kai smart tareeke dhoondhe hain. Har tareeka hisson ke beech ka ek farq use karta hai. Woh size, rang, shape ya bhaaripan ho sakta hai. Ya yeh ki koi hissa paani mein ghulta hai ya nahi, ya magnet use kheenchta hai ya nahi. Is chapter mein tum in methods se ek-ek karke miloge. Har ek ke liye khud se poochho: yeh kaun sa farq use karta hai?

Quick check
2 mein se 1
Inmein se mixture kaun sa hai?
Answer dekho

Answer (C) Bhel puri ki ek plate

Bhel puri mein murmure, sev, pyaaz, chutney aur bhi bahut kuch mila hota hai, aur tum har hissa phir bhi dekh sakte ho. Copper wire sirf copper se bani hai, aur ice cube bas paani hai.

Handpicking

Cheezon ko alag karne ka sabse simple tareeka hai apni aankhon aur ungliyon ko use karna: dekho, pehchaano, chuno. Yeh handpicking hai. Jab tum rajma saaf karte ho, to teen clues odd cheezon ko pehchaanne mein madad karte hain. Patthar ka rang alag hai, laal ki jagah grey. Tinke ki shape alag hai, kidney jaisi ki jagah lambi aur patli. Kharab daane ka size alag hai: woh chhota aur sikuda hua hai.

2/3Tumhari aankhein odd rang, odd shape aur odd size pakad leti hain.

Fig. 9.2Rang, shape aur size ke farq humein woh tukde pehchaanne mein madad karte hain jo chunkar nikaalne hain.NCERT p. 164

Upar se dekhne par, ek gol steel ki thali gehre laal rajma ke daano se bhari hai. Unke beech do grey patthar, ek bhoora tinka aur ek chhota, halke rang ka, sikuda hua daana chhupe hain. Pehle step mein sab mila hua hai. Doosre step mein dashed rings odd tukdon ko mark karte hain, aur labels par patthar ke liye odd rang, tinke ke liye odd shape aur chhote daane ke liye odd size likha hai. Teesre step mein patthar, tinka aur kharab daana thali se nikal kar ek chhoti katori mein aa gaye hain, jis par chune gaye likha hai.

Definition
Handpicking

Mixture ke woh tukde aankhon aur ungliyon se nikaalna jo size, rang ya shape mein alag dikhte hain.

ExampleRajma bhigone se pehle usmein se sikude daane aur patthar nikaalna.

Handpicking tab achha kaam karta hai jab do baatein sach hon: unwanted hissa pakadne laayak bada ho, aur woh thoda sa hi ho. Ek kilo chawal se paanch patthar chunne mein kuch minute lagte hain. Pattharon ke dher se ek kilo chawal chunne mein to poora din lag jaayega! Aur aate se cheeni to tum kabhi handpick kar hi nahi sakte. Uske tukde bahut hi chhote hain.

Handpicking tum apne aas-paas har jagah dekh sakte ho. Sabzi wala crate se pichke hue tamatar nikaalta hai. Maali chhote paudhon ke beech uge weeds ukhaadta hai. Darzi khule buttons ke jar ko rang ke hisaab se sort karta hai. Har baar ek insaan apni aankhon aur ungliyon se ek hisse ko baaki se alag karta hai.

Quick check
3 mein se 1
Handpicking achha choice hai jab…
Answer dekho

Answer (C) unwanted hissa aasaani se dikhe aur woh thoda sa hi ho

Handpicking ke liye aise tukde chahiye jo tum dekh aur pakad sako, aur yeh tabhi jaldi hota hai jab woh kam hon. Dhool chunne ke liye bahut chhoti hai, aur ek jaise dikhne wale hisson mein farq nahi kiya ja sakta.

Threshing

Tumhari kitchen ka chawal kahan se aata hai? Jab paddy (dhaan, yaani rice ka paudha) pak jaata hai, to kisaan use kaatkar uske danthal dhoop mein sukhate hain. Is stage par har daana abhi bhi paudhe se juda hota hai. Har danthal par sau ya usse bhi zyada daane ho sakte hain. Unhe ek-ek karke todne mein to hamesha lag jaayega.

Isliye kisaan sab daano ko ek saath jhaad dete hain. Kai gaon mein woh sookhe danthalon ka ek gattha pakadte hain aur use lakdi ke board ya chapte patthar par zor se patakte hain. Har chot se daane dheele hokar baarish ki tarah neeche girte hain. Kuch jagahon par bail zameen par faile danthalon par gol-gol chalte hain, aur unke khur yahi kaam karte hain. Yeh threshing hai.

2/3Gatthe ko board par patakne se daane jhad jaate hain.

Fig. 9.3Sookhe danthalon ko peetne se daane dheele hokar jhad jaate hain. Jo neeche girta hai woh daano, husk aur bhoose ka ek naya mixture hota hai.NCERT Fig. 9.2 · p. 164

Left mein, sookhe paddy ke danthalon ka ek gattha, jo kate hue sire se bandha hai, pairon wale lakdi ke board ke upar pakda hua hai. Right mein ek gol close-up ek danthal dikhata hai jis par daane chhoti-chhoti dandiyon se jude hain. Pehle step mein gattha upar utha hai aur har daana abhi danthal par hai, label: daane jude. Doosre step mein gattha neeche board par aa gaya hai, daane danthalon se ud rahe hain, aur close-up mein daane jhad gaye dikhte hain. Teesre step mein danthal khaali hain aur board ke neeche ek dher pada hai, aur ek key dikhati hai ki daane, husk aur bhoosa sab mile hue hain.

Definition
Threshing

Fasal ke sookhe danthalon ko peetkar ya raundkar unse daane alag karna.

ExampleSookhe paddy ke gatthon ko lakdi ke board par patakna.

Board ke neeche jo pada hai use dhyaan se dekho. Yeh abhi saaf anaaj nahi hai. Yeh daano, dheele husk aur toote bhoose ke tukdon ka bilkul naya mixture hai.Har chawal ke daane par apna ek kasa hua husk bhi hota hai. Chawal tumhari kitchen tak pahunchne se pehle rice mill use utaar deti hai. Agla method dheele tukdon ko sambhalta hai.

Quick check
2 mein se 1
Threshing kya alag karta hai?
Answer dekho

Answer (C) danthalon se anaaj

Threshing daano ko un sookhe danthalon se dheela kar deta hai jin par woh ugte hain. Husk baad mein winnowing se hatta hai, aur patthar handpick kiye jaate hain.

Winnowing

Ab hamare paas husk se mile anaaj ka ek dher hai. Husk ke tukde lagbhag daano jitne bade hain, isliye sieve se zyada madad nahi milegi. Aur woh itne zyada hain ki haath se chune nahi ja sakte. Lekin unmein ek bada farq hai: anaaj bhaari hai aur husk halka. Aisi kaun si cheez hai jo halki cheezon ko bhaari cheezon se zyada aasaani se door dhakel sakti hai?

Kisaan bilkul yahi idea use karte hain. Hawa wale din ek kisaan thresh kiye hue mixture ko ek chaude, uthle tokre mein bharti hai, jise soop (सूप) kehte hain. Woh use oonchaai par uthati hai aur dheere-dheere jhukaati hai, taaki mixture ek patli dhaar mein gire. Hawa halke husk ko ek taraf le jaati hai. Bhaari anaaj uske pairon ke paas ek saaf dher mein girta hai. Yeh winnowing hai.

3/3Bhaari anaaj tokre ke paas girta hai, halka husk door girta hai.

Fig. 9.4Chalti hawa halke husk ko door dhakel deti hai, jabki bhaari anaaj paas hi girta hai.NCERT Fig. 9.4 · p. 166

Do haathon mein pakda ek uthla tokra zameen par bichhi sheet par anaaj aur husk ki dhaar gira raha hai. Right mein ek table fan khada hai. Pehle step mein fan off hai aur us par cross laga hai, aur anaaj aur husk seedhe neeche girkar ek mila dher banate hain. Doosre step mein fan on hai, blue arrows left ki taraf chalti hawa dikhate hain, aur husk ke tukde left ki taraf ud rahe hain jabki anaaj seedha neeche girta hai. Aakhri step mein do dher hain: tokre ke paas bhaari anaaj aur left mein door halka husk.

Definition
Winnowing

Anaaj ko saaf karna: hawa ya fan halke husk ko uda le jaata hai, jabki bhaari anaaj paas hi gir jaata hai.

ExampleThresh kiye anaaj ko hawa mein soop se girakar usse husk alag karna.

Winnowing ke liye chalti hawa chahiye. Ruki hawa wale din husk bhi anaaj ke saath seedha gir jaata hai aur kuch alag nahi hota. Kai kisaan dopahar ki hawa ka intezaar karte hain, ya fan ke saamne winnowing karte hain. Winnowing wale tokre ke India mein kai naam hain: Tamil mein muram, Bengali mein kulo aur Punjabi mein chhaj.

InteractiveWinnowing ki hawa

Winnowing ka tokra fan ke saamne mixture girata hai, aur tukde zameen par teen sheets par girte hain: paas, beech aur door. Tum husk ke saath gehun, pyaaz ke chhilkon ke saath moong, ya chhote pattharon ke saath chawal chun sakte ho, aur slider se wind ko still se gusty tak set kar sakte ho. Har pour ke baad cards ginte hain ki har hissa har sheet par kitna gira, aur ek message batata hai ki anaaj saaf hai ya nahi.

Fig. 9.5Ek mixture chuno, wind set karo aur Pour dabao. Neeche ke cards ginte hain ki har sheet par kya gira.
Quick check
3 mein se 1
Husk anaaj se zyada door kyun girta hai?
Answer dekho

Answer (C) Husk halka hai, isliye chalti hawa use zyada dhakelti hai

Dono par ek hi hawa lagti hai, lekin woh halke husk ko bhaari anaaj se kahin zyada aasaani se dhakel sakti hai. Asal mein husk dheere girta hai, jisse hawa ko use door le jaane ka aur bhi zyada time milta hai.

Sieving

Tray mein beej bone se pehle ek maali aisi mitti chahti hai jo naram aur baareek ho, jismein kankad, tinke ya dhele na hon. Woh mitti ko ek sieve (chhalni) mein daalti hai aur use ek tub ke upar hilaati hai. Baareek mitti baarish ki tarah neeche girti hai. Kankad, jadein aur dhele upar reh jaate hain.

Sieve ek frame hota hai jis par wires ya dhaagon ki ek mesh tani hoti hai. Mesh mein bahut saare chhed hote hain, sab lagbhag ek hi size ke. Jab tum is par koi sookha mixture hilaate ho, to chhedon se chhota har tukda neeche nikal jaata hai. Chhedon se bada har tukda upar reh jaata hai.

3/4Baareek mitti tray mein girti hai; kankad aur jadein upar rehte hain.

Fig. 9.6Chhedon se chhote tukde neeche gir jaate hain; chhedon se bade tukde upar rehte hain. Agar chhed bahut bade hon, to kuch alag nahi hota.NCERT Fig. 9.5 · p. 167

Sieve side se bana hai: rim ki do deewarein, unke beech wire ke dots ki ek line jo mesh banati hai, aur neeche ek tray. Pehle step mein kankad, jadon ke tukde aur mitti ke bahut saare baareek daane mesh par hain. Doosre step mein sieve hilaya ja raha hai aur baareek daane wires ke beech se gir rahe hain. Teesre step mein baareek mitti tray mein hai, jis par neeche gira likha hai, jabki kankad aur jadein mesh par hain, jis par upar raha likha hai. Aakhri step mein wires bahut door-door hain, jis par bade chhed likha hai, aur kankad bhi tray mein gir gaye hain, isliye sab phir se mil gaya hai.

Definition
Sieving

Sookhe mixture ko size se alag karna: mesh par hilaane se chhote tukde chhedon se gir jaate hain aur bade reh jaate hain.

ExampleBagiche ki mitti ko sieve mein hilaakar usse kankad aur jadein nikaalna.

Sieving tabhi kaam karta hai jab hisson ke size alag hon, aur chhed un sizes ke beech ke hon. Agar chhed har tukde se bade hon, to sab kuch gir jaata hai. Agar woh har tukde se chhote hon, to kuch bhi nahi nikalta. Isliye kai kitchens mein ek se zyada sieve hote hain: aate ke liye bahut baareek wala aur rava ke liye thoda mota.

Sieve har size ke hote hain. Kumhaar sookhe clay powder ko sieve karta hai taaki koi kankad matke ko kharab na kare. Beach par ek bachcha chhoti-chhoti seepiyaan dhoondhne ke liye toy sieve se ret chhaanta hai. Flour mill mein bade-bade hilte sieves baareek aate ko chokar (bran) se alag karte hain, jo daane ki moti bahari parat hoti hai.

Example

Do sieves, teen dher

Ek maali ke paas khodi hui mitti ka ek dher hai. Usmein baareek mitti (1 mm se chhote tukde), gravel yaani bajri (lagbhag 10 mm chaudi) aur bade patthar (lagbhag 40 mm chaude) hain. Uske paas do sieves hain: ek 20 mm chaude chhedon wala aur ek 3 mm chaude chhedon wala. Woh teen alag dher kaise bana sakti hai?

Pehle khud try karo. Phir solution ek-ek step karke kholo.

Quick check
3 mein se 1
Sieve kisi sookhe mixture ke do hisson ko tabhi alag kar sakta hai jab unmein yeh alag ho…
Answer dekho

Answer (A) size

Sieve tukdon ko size se alag karta hai: chhote tukde chhedon se gir jaate hain aur bade reh jaate hain. Sieve ke liye rang aur smell se koi farq nahi padta.

Evaporation

Agar tumne kabhi tairte hue samundar ka paani muh mein le liya ho, to tum jaante ho ki woh bahut namkeen hota hai. Usmein kai salts chhupe hain, zyaadatar khaane ka namak. Phir bhi tumhe ek bhi daana nahi dikhta. Namak dissolve ho gaya hai, yaani ghul gaya hai: woh paani mein itne chhote tukdon mein fail gaya hai ki dikhte hi nahi. Isliye koi sieve, aur filter bhi, use nahi pakad sakta. To hum use bahar kaise nikaalein?

Sookhe mausam mein Gujarat ya Tamil Nadu ke coast ke saath safar karo. Tumhe mazdoor chapte kheton se chamakte safed dher rake se ikattha karte dikh sakte hain. Kuch hafte pehle yeh khet samundar ke paani se bhare chaude, uthle pans the. Din-ba-din dhoop aur sookhi hawa ne paani ko vapour bana diya. Namak vapour nahi ban sakta tha, isliye woh crystals ki ek parat ke roop mein peeche reh gaya.

3/4Jaise-jaise aakhri paani jaata hai, namak ke crystals dikhne lagte hain.

Fig. 9.7Dhoop aur hawa uthle pans se paani evaporate kar dete hain. Namak evaporate nahi ho sakta, isliye woh peeche reh jaata hai.NCERT Fig. 9.6 · p. 167

Zameen ka ek cut-away view left mein samundar aur zameen mein khuda ek chauda, uthla pan dikhata hai, aur upar suraj aur hawa hain. Pehle step mein samundar se paani pan mein aata hai, aur pan bhara hua hai. Doosre step mein paani se dashed lehardaar lines uthti hain, jin par likha hai ki paani vapour ban jaata hai, aur paani ka level kaafi neeche hai. Teesre step mein paani ki bas ek patli parat bachi hai aur pan ke farsh par namak ke chhote safed crystals faile hain, jin par likha hai ki namak reh jaata hai. Aakhri step mein pan sookha hai aur namak ko rake se teen safed dheron mein ikattha kiya gaya hai, aur paas mein ek rake rakha hai.

Definition
Evaporation

Paani (ya kisi aur liquid) ka dheere-dheere vapour bankar hawa mein nikal jaana. Usmein ghuli hui koi bhi cheez uske saath nahi nikal sakti, isliye peeche reh jaati hai.

ExampleSamundar ka paani sookhne par salt pan mein bacha namak.

Tum evaporation se paani ki states wale chapter mein mil chuke ho. Paani tab tez evaporate hota hai jab woh garam ho, jab hawa sookhi aur tez ho, aur jab woh patla failaya gaya ho. Namak banane wale teeno tricks use karte hain: dhoop wala mausam, khuli hawadaar zameen aur bahut uthle pans. Tumhari kitchen tak pahunchne se pehle kachcha namak factory mein dhoya aur saaf kiya jaata hai.

Example

Samundar ke paani ki ek balti mein kitna namak hota hai?

Ek balti mein 10 L samundar ka paani aata hai. Samundar ke har litre paani mein lagbhag 35 g salts ghule hote hain, zyaadatar khaane ka namak. Agar saara paani evaporate ho jaaye, to lagbhag kitna namak bachega? Kya woh 1 kg namak ke packet se zyada hai ya kam?

Pehle khud try karo. Phir solution ek-ek step karke kholo.

Quick check
2 mein se 1
Namak banane wale ke kaam ko sahi order mein lagao.
  1. Use kai dinon tak dhoop aur hawa mein chhod do
  2. Paani jaate hi namak ke crystals bante hain
  3. Sookhe namak ko rake se dheron mein ikattha karo
  4. Samundar ka paani chaude, uthle pans mein bharo
Answer dekho
Answer
  1. Samundar ka paani chaude, uthle pans mein bharo
  2. Use kai dinon tak dhoop aur hawa mein chhod do
  3. Paani jaate hi namak ke crystals bante hain
  4. Sookhe namak ko rake se dheron mein ikattha karo
Pehle pans bhare jaate hain, phir dhoop aur hawa paani evaporate karte hain, namak ke crystals bante hain, aur aakhir mein namak rake se ikattha kiya jaata hai.

Ghula hua namak peeche reh jaata hai, yeh tum ek simple experiment se khud check kar sakte ho.

3/3Sirf namak bachta hai, crystals ke roop mein, jo dark paper par dikhte hain.

Fig. 9.8Paani boond se vapour bankar nikal jaata hai; namak crystals ke roop mein reh jaata hai.NCERT Fig. 9.7 · p. 168

Left mein ek dark blue card par suraj ki shape paint ki hui hai. Right mein ek close-up panel paper par namak ke paani ki ek boond ko side se dikhata hai, jismein paani blue dots aur namak orange squares se bana hai, saath mein ek key. Pehle step mein painting geeli hai aur mushkil se dikhti hai, aur close-up mein ek oonchi boond paani ke dots se bhari hai jinke beech namak ke squares bikhre hain. Doosre step mein boond chapti ho gayi hai, paani ke kuch dots arrows ke saath usmein se upar uth rahe hain, aur namak ke squares zyada paas-paas hain. Aakhri step mein painting halki lines ke roop mein dikhti hai, aur close-up mein koi boond nahi hai, bas paper par namak ke squares ka ek chhota block hai, jiska label batata hai ki namak ke crystals bache hain.

Yahi cheez tum roz ki zindagi mein bhi dekh sakte ho. Samundar mein tairne ke baad apni baahon ko dhoop mein sookhne do. Jaldi hi woh kirkiri lagengi, namak ki baareek safed dhool ke saath. Rack mein sookhne ke liye rakhe steel ke glasson par bhi kabhi-kabhi isi wajah se chhote safed dhabbe dikhte hain. Paani hawa mein chala gaya; jo usmein ghula tha woh peeche reh gaya.

Dhoop mein evaporation mein kai din lagte hain. Garam karne se yeh tez ho jaata hai, aur ek smart extra step se hum namak ke saath-saath paani bhi wapas paa sakte hain.

3/4Boondein neeche ki side se behkar cup mein jaati hain; pighli ice upar rehti hai. Pan mein namak dikhne lagta hai.

Fig. 9.9Garam karne se paani vapour bankar nikal jaata hai. Thandi plate vapour ko wapas paani bana deti hai, isliye hum namak aur paani dono ikattha kar lete hain.NCERT Fig. 9.8 · p. 169

Stove par namak ke paani ka ek chhota pan rakha hai. Uske upar uthe kinare wali ek steel plate stand se pakdi hui hai aur right ki taraf neeche jhuki hai, uske upar ice cubes hain, aur uske neeche wale kinare ke neeche ek cup rakha hai. Pehle step mein flame jal rahi hai aur pan namak ke paani se bhara hai. Doosre step mein pan se lehardaar lines uthti hain jin par vapour likha hai, thandi plate ke neeche boondein banti hain aur pan mein paani kam hai. Teesre step mein boondein plate ke neeche wale kinare tak behkar cup mein tapakti hain, thodi pighli ice neeche wale rim ke paas upar padi hai, aur lagbhag sookhe pan mein safed namak dikhne lagta hai. Aakhri step mein flame band hai, pan mein sirf namak hai aur cup mein saaf paani hai.

InteractiveNamak peeche reh jaata hai

Namak ke paani ki ek dish ka close-up, jismein paani blue bits aur namak orange bits ke roop mein hai jo idhar-udhar hilte rehte hain. Surface par paani ke bits kabhi-kabhi vapour bankar hawa mein nikal jaate hain; namak ke bits kabhi nahi. Buttons dish ko chhaaon mein, dhoop mein ya stove par rakhte hain, jisse paani ke nikalne ki speed badalti hai. Dish ke upar ek thandi plate on ki ja sakti hai: tab nikalte paani ke bits us par jama hote hain aur cup mein tapakte hain. Counters dish mein paani ke bits aur namak ke bits, aur cup mein paani ke bits dikhate hain. Jab paani khatam ho jaata hai, to namak ke bits paas-paas judkar ek crystal ban jaate hain.

Fig. 9.10Namak ke paani ka close-up, jismein bits asal se bahut zyada bade dikhaye gaye hain. Play dabao aur counters dekho.
Quick check
3 mein se 1
Samundar ka paani evaporate hone par namak kyun bach jaata hai?
Answer dekho

Answer (C) Sirf paani vapour banta hai; namak nahi ban sakta

Evaporation paani ko vapour bana deta hai, jo hawa mein nikal jaati hai. Dhoop mein namak vapour nahi banta, isliye woh reh jaata hai. Bhaaripan ka isse koi lena-dena nahi hai.

Sedimentation aur decantation

Monsoon ki tez baarish ke baad puddle se nikaala paani doodh wali chai jaisa dikhta hai. Ek lambe glass jar mein ise bharo, hilao aur shelf par chhod do. Baad mein wapas aao, to jar apne aap badal chuka hoga.

3/4Baareek mitti sediment bankar baith gayi hai, aur upar ka paani saaf hai.

Fig. 9.11Bhaari tukde sediment bankar tali mein baith jaate hain. Phir upar ka saaf paani dheere se nikaala ja sakta hai.NCERT Fig. 9.9 · p. 170

Ek lamba glass jar gandle paani se bhara table par ek khaali glass ke paas rakha hai. Pehle step mein, jis par abhi hilaya likha hai, paani ek jaisa bhoora hai aur usmein bade aur chhote kan bhare hain. Doosre step mein, 5 minute baad, ret ke bade daane tali mein hain, jis par ret pehle doobti likha hai, jabki paani abhi bhi gandla hai. Teesre step mein, agli subah, ret ke upar baareek mitti ki ek parat hai, jis par sediment likha hai, aur upar paani saaf hai. Aakhri step mein jar jhukaya gaya hai aur saaf paani ek dhaar mein doosre glass mein ja raha hai, jabki sediment jar ki tali mein chipka rehta hai.

Sabse bhaari tukde sabse pehle doobte hain: ret ke daane kuch hi minute mein tali tak pahunch jaate hain. Baareek mitti ko ghante lagte hain. Agli subah tak uska zyaadatar hissa tali mein ek naram parat ke roop mein hota hai, jise sediment kehte hain. Upar ka paani kaafi saaf ho jaata hai. Na ghulne wale bhaari tukdon ke is tarah baith jaane ko sedimentation kehte hain.

Definition
Sedimentation

Mixture ko bina hilaaye chhod dena taaki na ghulne wale bhaari tukde doobkar tali mein sediment ke roop mein jama ho jaayein.

ExamplePuddle ke paani wale jar ki tali mein ret aur mitti ka baith jaana.

Ab jar ko dheere-dheere jhukao aur saaf paani ko doosre glass mein behne do. Sediment khisakne se theek pehle ruk jao. Liquid ko upar se nikaal kar neeche baithe solid ko chhod dena decantation kehlaata hai.

Definition
Decantation

Liquid ko upar se dheere se nikaal dena, aur tali mein baithe solid ko peeche chhod dena.

ExampleMitti baith jaane ke baad gandle paani ke jar se saaf paani nikaalna.

Kitchen mein yeh do methods hamesha use hote hain. Aloo ubal jaane par paani nikaal diya jaata hai aur bhaari aloo pan mein reh jaate hain. Ande ubalne par bhi garam paani isi tarah nikaala jaata hai. Jaldi aur aasaan!

Decantation tez hai, lekin shayad hi kabhi perfect hota hai. Daalte waqt sediment ke paas ka thoda gandla paani bhi nikal jaata hai, aur kuch saaf paani peeche chhodna padta hai. Yeh sabse achha tab kaam karta hai jab solid bhaari ho aur achhi tarah baith jaaye. Agar tumhe liquid bilkul saaf chahiye, to decanting bas pehla step hai.

Quick check
3 mein se 1
Gandle paani se saaf paani paane ke steps ko order mein lagao.
  1. Bhaari tukde sediment bankar baith jaate hain
  2. Saaf paani doosre jar mein daalo
  3. Jar ko dheere se jhukao
  4. Gandle paani ko bina hilaaye chhod do
Answer dekho
Answer
  1. Gandle paani ko bina hilaaye chhod do
  2. Bhaari tukde sediment bankar baith jaate hain
  3. Jar ko dheere se jhukao
  4. Saaf paani doosre jar mein daalo
Pehle jar ko akela chhoda jaata hai taaki bhaari tukde baith jaayein (sedimentation). Phir saaf paani dheere se nikaala jaata hai (decantation).

Filtration

Sedimentation aur decantation se hamara paani saaf to hua, lekin poori tarah nahi. Baareek tukdon ko bhi pakadne ke liye humein filter chahiye. Filter ek aisa material hai jismein chhed, yaani pores, itne chhote hote hain ki solid tukde nahi nikal paate lekin liquid nikal jaata hai. Mixture ko filter se guzaarne ko filtration kehte hain.

Ghar mein tum bina soche hi cheezein filter karte ho. Glass mein nimbu paani daalte waqt steel ki chhalni nimbu ke beej pakad leti hai. Muslin ka kapda kaddukas kiye nariyal ko rok leta hai jabki uska doodh tapak kar nikal jaata hai. Ganne ka juice bechne wala resheedaar fibres pakadne ke liye juice ko chhalni se daalta hai.

Kapda filter ki tarah kaam kyun karta hai? Ek cotton kapde ko tez roshni wali khidki ke saamne pakdo. Jahan dhaage ek doosre ko kaatte hain, wahan anginat chhote gaps se roshni aar-paar aati hai. Paani in gaps, yaani pores, se nikal sakta hai, lekin unse bade tukde ruk jaate hain. Kapde ko kai layers mein modo to gaps ek line mein nahi rehte, isliye aur bhi baareek tukde pakde jaate hain. Lab ka filter paper isse bhi baareek hota hai: uske pores itne chhote hain ki dikhte hi nahi.

Definition
Filtration

Mixture ko kapde ya filter paper jaise bahut chhote pores wale material se guzaarna. Liquid nikal jaata hai; na ghulne wale solid tukde ruk jaate hain.

ExamplePaneer banana: naram tukde muslin ke kapde mein reh jaate hain aur whey tapak kar nikal jaata hai.

6/6Mitti residue bankar reh jaati hai; saaf filtrate jar mein tapakta hai.

Fig. 9.12Paper modo, use kholkar cone banao, aur mitti wale paani ko usmein se tapakne do. Mitti residue bankar reh jaati hai; saaf filtrate jar mein jama hota hai.NCERT Fig. 9.10, 9.11 · p. 171

Left mein ek gol filter paper step by step moda jaata hai: dashed fold line wala poora circle, aadha circle, quarter circle, aur phir khula hua cone jiski ek side par teen layers aur doosri par ek layer dikhti hai. Right mein ek funnel glass jar mein khada hai. Paanchve step mein paper cone funnel mein laga hai aur bhoore mitti wale paani se bhara hai, aur boondein jar mein girti hain. Aakhri step mein paper cone ki nok mein ek bhoori layer bachi hai, jis par residue likha hai, aur jar mein saaf paani hai, jis par filtrate likha hai.

Filter jo solid rok leta hai use residue kehte hain. Jo liquid aar-paar nikal jaata hai woh filtrate hai. Liquid mein ghuli hui koi bhi cheez filtrate ke saath chali jaati hai.

Compare

Residue aur filtrate

Residue

  • Filter par reh jaata hai
  • Pores se nikalne ke liye bahut bade solid tukde
  • Filter paper par mitti; muslin ke kapde mein paneer

Filtrate

  • Filter ke aar-paar nikal jaata hai
  • Liquid, usmein ghuli har cheez ke saath
  • Jar mein saaf paani; kapde ke neeche katori mein whey

Filtering bhi sieving ki tarah size par kaam karta hai. Filter kisi solid ko tabhi pakadta hai jab uske pores solid tukdon se chhote hon, aur phir bhi liquid ko nikalne dein. Isiliye ghula hua namak har filter se nikal jaata hai: uske tukde kisi bhi pore se bahut chhote hain. Ghula hua namak wapas paane ke liye tumhe paani ko evaporate karna padega.

InteractiveChhed aur tukdon ki lab

Sieves aur filters ki ek lab. Tum ek mixture chunte ho (bagiche ki mitti, chokar aur kankad wala atta, talaab ka gandla paani, ya namak ka paani) aur ek sieve ya filter (bade chhedon wala sieve, aate ki chhalni, chai ki chhalni, cotton ka kapda, chaar baar moda kapda, ya filter paper). Upar ek size ladder mixture ke har hisse ko sizes ke scale par rakhti hai, aur ek dashed line chhed ka size dikhati hai: line ke left wale tukde nikal jaate hain, right wale ruk jaate hain. Button dabane par mixture hilta ya girta hai, aur jo tukde chhedon mein fit hote hain woh ek katori mein gir jaate hain. Cards batate hain ki kya upar raha aur kya nikal gaya, aur ek message result samjhata hai.

Fig. 9.13Ek mixture aur ek sieve ya filter chuno. Shake / pour dabane se pehle size ladder har tukde ko chhedon se compare karti hai.
Quick check
2 mein se 1
Filtration mein filter paper par bache solid ko kehte hain…
Answer dekho

Answer (C) residue

Residue woh solid hai jo filter par reh jaata hai. Filtrate woh liquid hai jo aar-paar nikal jaata hai, aur sediment woh hai jo jar ki tali mein baith jaata hai.

Talaab ya gaon ki tanki ke paani mein patte, ret, mitti aur chhote jeev ho sakte hain. Bade water-treatment plants ise stages mein saaf karte hain, aur ek stage mein paani ko ret aur gravel ki gehri layers se dheere-dheere risne diya jaata hai. Tumhara model chaar bharosemand filter materials use karega. Gravel aur ret kirkiri aur mitti ko pakadte hain. Charcoal kuch rang aur smell bhi hata sakta hai. Cotton wool sab kuch apni jagah par rakhta hai.

3/3Gandagi layers mein reh jaati hai aur neeche saaf paani jama hota hai.

Fig. 9.14Har layer apne upar wali layer se chhote tukde pakadti hai, isliye neeche saaf paani tapakta hai. Yeh phir bhi peene ke liye safe nahi hai.NCERT p. 172

Plastic bottle ka upar wala aadha hissa uske neeche wale aadhe hisse mein ulta khada hai. Upar se neeche tak usmein gravel, moti ret, baareek ret, charcoal aur neck mein cotton wool bhare hain, har layer par label hai. Pehle step mein layers saaf hain aur neeche wala hissa khaali hai. Doosre step mein bhoora gandla paani gravel par daala jaata hai aur neck se boondein girne lagti hain. Aakhri step mein upar ki layers par bhoore dhabbe hain, jis par gandagi ruk gayi likha hai, aur neeche wale hisse mein saaf paani jama ho gaya hai.

Jaal aur screens bhi filters hain. Kuch shehar bade naalon ke aar-paar metal ki screens ya tairte booms lagate hain. Yeh thermocol ki plates, sachets aur yahan tak ki khoyi hui chappalein bhi nadi tak pahunchne se pehle pakad lete hain. Yeh traps baar-baar bhar jaate hain, jo asli hal ki taraf ishaara karta hai: plastic ko shuru se hi naalon mein jaane na dena.

Quick check
3 mein se 1
Cotton kapde ki ek layer se daala gaya gandla paani ab bhi gandla nikalta hai. Ab tumhe kya try karna chahiye?
Answer dekho

Answer (A) Kapde ko kai layers mein modo, ya filter paper use karo

Kapde ki zyada layers, ya filter paper, mein chhote gaps hote hain jo baareek mitti pakad lete hain. Chai ki chhalni ke chhed to kapde se bhi bade hote hain, aur tez daalne se bas zyada mitti nikal jaati hai.

Churning

Kai gharon mein makhan aaj bhi purane tareeke se banta hai. Dahi thode thande paani ke saath ek gehre matke mein jaata hai. Lakdi ki ek churner, jise mathani (मथानी) kehte hain, matke mein khadi hoti hai, aur uski dandi par ek rassi lipti hoti hai. Rassi ka ek sira kheencho, phir doosra, aur mathani tezi se ek taraf ghoomti hai, phir wapas doosri taraf.

Dahi mein fat ki anginat boondein hoti hain, jo dikhne ke liye bahut chhoti hain. Ghoomne se yeh boondein ek doosre se takraati hain, aur takraane par chipak jaati hain. Chhoti boondein judkar badi boondein banti hain, aur badi boondein naram peele gole. Makhan apne aas-paas ke liquid se halka hota hai, isliye gole upar tair aate hain. Koi unhe nikaal leta hai, aur matke mein jo bachta hai woh buttermilk, yaani chhaachh, hai.

4/4Makhan halka hai, isliye chhaachh ke upar tairta hai.

Fig. 9.15Churning se fat ki chhoti boondein takraati, chipakti aur badhkar makhan ke gole ban jaati hain, jo chhaachh se halke hone ki wajah se tairte hain.NCERT p. 173

Left mein mitti ke matke mein dahi aur paani hai, usmein lakdi ki mathani khadi hai aur uski dandi par rassi lipti hai. Right mein ek gol close-up andar ka liquid dikhata hai. Pehle step mein close-up mein fat ki bahut saari chhoti peeli boondein barabar faili hain, jin par fat ki boondein likha hai. Doosre step mein ghumaavdaar arrows mathani ka ghoomna dikhate hain, aur close-up mein boondein jodiyon mein takra rahi hain. Teesre step mein boondein chipakkar bade gucchhe ban gayi hain jo upar uth rahe hain, aur matke mein chhote peele gole dikhne lagte hain. Aakhri step mein matke ke upar makhan ki peeli layer tair rahi hai, jis par makhan likha hai, neeche chhaachh hai, aur close-up mein makhan ka ek bada gola surface par tair raha hai, zyaadatar liquid ke neeche, jaise paani ke glass mein ice ka tukda.

Definition
Churning

Kisi liquid ko bahut tezi se hilaana ya ghumaana, taaki uska halka hissa ikattha hokar bhaari hisse se alag ho jaaye.

ExampleDahi ko mathna taaki makhan chhaachh se alag ho jaaye.

Aaj kai parivaar dahi ko electric mixer ya hand blender se mathte hain, jo kisi bhi rassi se kahin zyada tez ghoomta hai. Badi dairies bhi isi tarah doodh se cream alag karti hain. Machines doodh ko bahut tezi se ghumaati hain. Halki cream aur bhaari skimmed milk alag-alag jagahon par ikattha hote hain aur alag-alag pipes se bahar nikalte hain.

Quick check
3 mein se 1
Dahi ko churn karne par makhan upar kyun ikattha hota hai?
Answer dekho

Answer (A) Makhan chhaachh se halka hai, isliye tairta hai

Fat ke gole paani jaisi chhaachh se halke hote hain, isliye upar uthkar tairte hain. Agar makhan bhaari hota, to tali mein doob jaata.

Magnetic separation

Shaam tak darzi ki table ke neeche ka farsh kate kapdon, dhaagon, buttons aur gire hue pins se bhar jaata hai. Steel ke chhote pins ko haath se chunna dheema kaam hai, aur woh ungliyon mein chubhte bhi hain. Magnet yeh kaam seconds mein kar sakta hai.

Magnets wale chapter se yaad karo ki magnet iron, nickel ya cobalt se bani cheezon ko, aur zyaadatar tarah ke steel ko kheenchta hai. Pins steel ke bane hain, lekin kapda, dhaaga aur plastic ke buttons attract nahi hote. Dher ke upar magnet ghumao, aur sirf pins uchhalkar us tak aa jaate hain. Magnet se mixture mein se magnetic cheezein kheenchkar nikaalne ko magnetic separation kehte hain.

2/4Bag mein rakha magnet pins ko dher se kheench leta hai.

Fig. 9.16Sirf steel ke pins magnet ki taraf khinchte hain. Magnet ko bag se bahar kheenchne par woh saaf-saaf box mein gir jaate hain.NCERT Fig. 9.12 · p. 174

Table par rang-birange kapde ke tukdon aur dhaagon ka ek dher pada hai, jismein chhe steel ke pins mile hain, aur right mein ek khaali tin ka box khada hai jis par pin box likha hai. Ek bar magnet patle plastic bag ke andar hai. Pehle step mein bag upar left mein hai, jis par bag mein magnet likha hai. Doosre step mein woh neeche dher ke upar aa gaya hai aur pins uchhalkar bag ke neeche chipak gaye hain, jis par dher par ghumao likha hai. Teesre step mein bag, pins ko ab bhi pakde hue, box ke upar aa gaya hai, jis par box tak le jao likha hai. Aakhri step mein magnet ko bag se upar kheench liya gaya hai aur pins box mein gir gaye hain, jis par magnet nikaalo likha hai.

Definition
Magnetic separation

Magnet se mixture mein se iron aur steel ki cheezein kheenchkar nikaalna, aur woh sab chhod dena jise magnet attract nahi karta.

ExampleMagnet se kapde ke tukdon ke dher se steel ke pins nikaalna.

Yeh ek mast trick hai. Pehle magnet ko ek patle plastic bag mein daal do. Pins bag ke bahar chipak jaate hain. Bag ko box ke upar pakdo aur magnet bahar kheench lo. Pins ki pakad chhoot jaati hai aur woh saaf-saaf box mein gir jaate hain, aur tumhara magnet bhi saaf rehta hai.

SimulationMagnet se safai

Ek bar magnet jise tum darzi ke kone ki cheezon ki do rows ke upar drag kar sakte ho: kapde ke do tukde, steel ki do paper clips, ek plastic ka tukda, ek iron ki keel, paper, aluminium foil, lakdi ka ek block aur copper wire. Jin cheezon ko magnet attract karta hai, woh uske guzarne par uchhalkar usse chipak jaati hain; baaki apni jagah rehti hain. Ek counter dikhata hai ki kitni cheezein magnet se chipki hain.

Fig. 9.17Darzi ke kone se cheezon ka ek dher. Magnet ko unke upar drag karo aur Stuck to magnet counter dekho.
Try karo
  • Magnet ko dono rows ke saath dheere-dheere ghumao. Kitni cheezein usse chipak jaati hain? Kaun-kaun si?
  • Aluminium foil aur copper wire dono chamakdaar metals hain. Kya magnet inmein se kisi ko dher se kheenchta hai?
  • Kapde ke ek tukde ko magnet ke bilkul paas tak drag karo. Kya woh chipakta hai?
Quick check
3 mein se 1
Kabaad ke dher par magnet ghumaya jaata hai. Inmein se kya woh kheench lega?
Saare sahi options chuno
Answer dekho
Answer
  • (A) Steel ke pins
  • (C) Iron ki keelein
Steel aur iron ko magnet attract karta hai. Aluminium aur copper bhi metals hain, lekin magnet unhe attract nahi karta.

Methods chunna aur jodna

Is chapter ka har method mixture ke hisson ke beech ka ek farq use karta hai. Isliye method chunne se pehle poochho: hisse ek doosre se kaise alag hain? Table mein sab kuch ek saath diya gaya hai.

Table 9.4Har method kaun sa farq use karta hai?
MethodKaun sa farq use hota haiExample
HandpickingSize, rang ya shape; sirf kuch unwanted tukdeRajma se patthar
ThreshingDaane sookhe danthalon par bas dheele se lage hote hainBoard par paddy peetna
WinnowingEk hissa doosre se bahut halka hota haiAnaaj se husk uda dena
SievingAlag-alag size ke sookhe tukdeBagiche ki mitti se kankad
EvaporationPaani vapour ban jaata hai; ghula hua solid nahi bantaSamundar ke paani se namak
Sedimentation aur decantationNa ghulne wala bhaari solid doob jaata haiGandle paani ke jar se saaf paani
FiltrationSolid tukde filter ke pores se bade hote hainWhey se paneer
ChurningGhumaane par halka fat bhaari liquid se alag ho jaata haiDahi se makhan
Magnetic separationKuch cheezein magnet se attract hoti hainKapde ke tukdon se pins

Log cheezon ko do khaas maqsadon se alag karte hain. Kabhi ek hissa phenk diya jaata hai. Kabhi dono hisse rakhe jaate hain kyunki dono kaam ke hote hain. Kuch examples sort karne ke liye yeh chhota sa game khelo.

Kai asli mixtures mein do se zyada hisse hote hain. Tab ek method kaafi nahi hota. Hum ek ke baad ek kai methods use karte hain, aur order maayne rakhta hai.

Example

Beach wali balti saaf karna

Beach ki safai ke baad ek balti mein samundar ka paani, ret, plastic ke tairte tukde aur steel ke kuch bottle caps hain. Plan karo ki caps, plastic, ret aur namak, har ek ko alag-alag kaise nikaaloge.

Pehle khud try karo. Phir solution ek-ek step karke kholo.

5/5Paani evaporate ho jaata hai aur namak ke crystals bach jaate hain.

Fig. 9.18Har method ek hissa nikaalta hai, aur evaporation sabse aakhir mein aata hai.NCERT p. 176

Boxes ka ek column dikhata hai ki har method ke baad mixture ka kya bacha, aur arrows har step par nikaale gaye hisse ki taraf ishaara karte hain. Pehle step mein sirf ek box hai jis par beach balti mix likha hai. Doosre step mein 1 magnet wala arrow steel caps nikaalta hai aur samundar ka paani, ret aur plastic chhodta hai. Teesre step mein 2 chun lo plastic ke tukde nikaalta hai aur samundar ka paani aur ret chhodta hai. Chauthe step mein 3 settle, pour, filter ret nikaalta hai aur namkeen paani chhodta hai. Aakhri step mein 4 evaporate water vapour ko bahar bhej deta hai aur namak ke crystals chhodta hai.

Quick check
3 mein se 1
Har method ko us farq se match karo jo woh use karta hai.

Left mein koi item tap karo, phir right mein uska match.

Answer dekho
Answer
  • Winnowing : ek hissa bahut halka hai
  • Sieving : tukdon ke size alag hain
  • Magnetic separation : ek hissa magnet se attract hota hai
  • Evaporation : ghula hua solid peeche reh jaata hai
  • Handpicking : odd tukde dekhne aur pakadne mein aasaan hain
Har method ek farq use karta hai. Hawa halki cheezon ko hilaati hai, aur chhed sizes ko sort karte hain. Magnets iron aur steel ko kheenchte hain. Evaporation ghule hue solids ko peeche chhod deta hai. Tumhari aankhein aur ungliyaan odd tukde dhoondhti hain.
Flash cards · 7

Khaas words

1 / 7
Recap

Summary aur key points

  1. Mixture mein do ya zyada hisse hote hain jo apna-apna nature banaye rakhte hain. Hum use isliye alag karte hain taaki koi unwanted hissa hata sakein, do kaam ke hisse paa sakein, ya cheezein sort kar sakein (Hum cheezon ko alag kyun karte hain?).
  2. Handpicking size, rang ya shape mein alag dikhne wale kuch tukdon ko nikaalta hai (Handpicking).
  3. Threshing mein sookhe danthalon ko peeta ya raunda jaata hai taaki daane dheele hokar jhad jaayein (Threshing).
  4. Hawa ya fan halke husk ko side mein uda deta hai jabki bhaari anaaj paas hi girta hai: yahi winnowing hai (Winnowing).
  5. Sieving sookhe tukdon ko size se alag karta hai; chhed hisson ke sizes ke beech hone chahiye (Sieving).
  6. Namak ke paani ko dhoop mein chhodo, to paani vapour bankar nikal jaata hai aur namak reh jaata hai: yahi evaporation hai. Vapour ko thanda karne se paani bhi wapas mil jaata hai (Evaporation).
  7. Sedimentation na ghulne wale bhaari tukdon ko baithne deta hai; decantation upar se liquid nikaal deta hai (Sedimentation aur decantation).
  8. Filtration mein liquid bahut chhote pores se guzarta hai: solid residue filter par reh jaata hai aur filtrate aar-paar nikal jaata hai. Ghule hue substances har filter se nikal jaate hain (Filtration).
  9. Filter se nikla saaf paani hamesha peene ke liye safe nahi hota: germs aar-paar nikal sakte hain (Filtration).
  10. Churning dahi ko ghumaata hai taaki halka makhan ikattha hokar tair jaaye, aur chhaachh bach jaaye (Churning).
  11. Magnetic separation mein magnet se iron aur steel ki cheezein kheenchkar nikaali jaati hain (Magnetic separation).
  12. Kai hisson wale mixture ke liye kai methods chahiye, jo samajhdaari wale order mein use hon (Methods chunna aur jodna).
Practice · 14 questions

Practice questions answers ke saath (NCERT “Chalo, apni samajh aur badhayein”)

  1. Quick answerEasyNCERT Exercises Q1

    Inmein se kis kaam ke liye handpicking achha method hai?

    Saare sahi options chuno
    Answer dekho
    Answer
    • (A) Khule buttons ke dibbe ko rang ke hisaab se boxes mein sort karna
    • (C) Moong ki bori se kuch kankad nikaalna
    Buttons aur kankad bade hain aur aasaani se dikhte hain, isliye ungliyaan unhe chun sakti hain. Isliye handpicking sort karne aur kuch unwanted tukde nikaalne ke liye achha hai. Ghula hua namak aur baareek mitti chunne ke liye bahut chhote hain.
  2. Quick answerEasyNCERT Exercises Q2

    Churning kisi liquid ko bahut tezi se ghumaakar uske hisson ko alag karta hai.

    1. Inmein se kaun si jodi churning ki tarah tez ghumaane se alag hoti hai?

      Answer dekho

      Answer (B) Cream aur doodh

      Cream baaki doodh se halki hoti hai, isliye tez ghumaane se woh ikattha hokar alag beh jaati hai, jaise dairy mein. Kankad aur ret sieve kiye jaate hain, namak evaporation se wapas milta hai, aur mitti ko paani se baithaakar ya filter karke nikaala jaata hai.

    2. Tumhare ghar mein lakdi ki mathani nahi hai. Dahi ko churn karke makhan nikaalne ke liye tum kitchen ki kaun si machine use kar sakte ho?

      Answer dekho

      Answer (D) Mixer ya hand blender

      Mixer ya hand blender dahi ko bilkul mathani ki tarah bahut tezi se ghumaata hai, isliye fat ki boondein judkar makhan ban jaati hain. Cooker garam karta hai, chhalni sookhe tukdon ko size se alag karti hai, aur fridge sirf thanda karta hai.
  3. Short answerMediumNCERT Exercises Q3

    Talaab ke paani ki balti mein mitti ke tukde lagbhag 0.05 mm chaude hain. Filter A ke pores 0.5 mm chaude hain. Filter B ke pores 0.01 mm chaude hain.

    1. Kaun sa filter saaf paani dega?

      Answer dekho

      Answer (D) Filter B

      Filter B ke pores (0.01 mm) mitti ke tukdon (0.05 mm) se chhote hain, isliye mitti pakdi jaati hai. Filter A ke pores mitti ke tukdon se das guna bade hain, isliye mitti nikal jaati hai.

    2. Filter chunne ka ek rule likho.

      Solution dikhao

      AnswerAisa filter chuno jiske pores un solid tukdon se chhote hon jinhe tum pakadna chahte ho.

      Filter sirf apne pores se bade tukde pakadta hai; chhote tukde nikal jaate hain. Isliye pore ka size solid tukdon ke size se compare karo, aur chhote pores chuno. Pores itne bade bhi hone chahiye ki liquid nikal sake.

  4. Short answerMediumNCERT Exercises Q4

    Batao ki har statement true hai ya false. Wajah do, aur har false statement ko sahi karo.

    1. Cheeni ke paani ko filter karke cheeni wapas paayi ja sakti hai.

      Answer dekho

      Answer Galat

      False. Ghuli hui cheeni har filter se nikal jaati hai. Sahi: cheeni ke paani se cheeni, paani ko evaporate karke wapas paayi ja sakti hai.

    2. Winnowing ke liye steady hawa ya fan chahiye.

      Answer dekho

      Answer Sahi

      True. Chalti hawa hi halke hisse ko bhaari hisse se door le jaati hai.

    3. Sieve rava ko bilkul usi size ke kankad ke tukdon se alag kar sakta hai.

      Answer dekho

      Answer Galat

      False. Sieve size se sort karta hai, isliye ek jaise size ke tukde ek hi taraf jaate hain. Sahi: sieve rava ko kankad se tabhi alag kar sakta hai jab unke size alag hon; warna kankad ko chunkar nikaalna padega.

    4. Magnet iron filings aur ret ke mixture se iron filings kheench sakta hai.

      Answer dekho

      Answer Sahi

      True. Iron magnet se attract hota hai aur ret nahi.

    5. Aloo ubaalne ke baad paani nikaalna filtration ka example hai.

      Answer dekho

      Answer Galat

      False. Pores wali koi cheez use nahi hoti; paani bas upar se nikaal diya jaata hai. Sahi: uble aloo ka paani nikaalna decantation ka example hai.
  5. Quick answerEasyNCERT Exercises Q5

    Har mixture ko use alag karne ke sabse achhe tareeke se match karo.

    Left mein koi item tap karo, phir right mein uska match.

    Answer dekho
    Answer
    • Rangoli powder mein mile steel ke pins : magnetic separation
    • Chhote dhelon aur kankad wala rava : sieving
    • Talaab ka gandla paani : filtration
    • Badaam ke saath mile akhrot : handpicking
    • Pakaane wale paani mein uble chane : decantation
    Pins magnet se attract hote hain. Dhele aur kankad rava ke daano se bade hain. Mitti ke tukde filter ke pores mein pakde jaate hain. Akhrot aur badaam bade hain aur aasaani se pehchaane ja sakte hain. Paani nikaalne par bhaari chane pan mein reh jaate hain.
  6. Short answerMediumNCERT Exercises Q6

    Tumhari daadi ne raat bhar chane bhigoye. Subah woh katori ka paani gira deti hain aur kapde ki zaroorat nahi samajhti. Chane ke liye paani ko upar se gira dena (decantation) kaafi kyun hai? Solid aur paani ka ek aisa mixture batao jismein tum iske bajaaye filter karoge, aur wajah batao.

    Solution dikhao

    AnswerChane bade aur bhaari hote hain aur tali mein achhi tarah tike rehte hain, isliye paani saaf nikal jaata hai. Bahut baareek solids, jaise gandle paani mein clay, tairte rehte hain ya daalte waqt nikal jaate hain, isliye unhe filter karna padta hai.

    • Bhige chane bade aur bhaari hote hain. Woh tali mein achhi tarah tike rehte hain, isliye paani bina koi chana khoye gira diya ja sakta hai. Decanting jaldi hota hai aur kaafi hai.
    • Decanting tab bhi kaam karta hai jab liquid mein kuch baareek tukdon se farq na pade, jaise uble aloo ka paani nikaalna.
    • Agar solid tukde bahut baareek hon, jaise gandle paani mein clay, to kai tairte rehte hain aur kuch daalte waqt nikal jaate hain. Tab tumhe kapde ya filter paper se filter karna chahiye.
  7. Short answerMediumNCERT Exercises Q7

    Flamingo apni mudi hui chonch ko uthle paani mein ulta dubokar khaana khaata hai. Paani uski chonch ke kinaron par bane kanghi jaise hisson se bahar dhakela jaata hai, jabki chhote shrimps andar reh jaate hain. Yeh tumhe kaun sa separation method yaad dilata hai, aur kyun?

    Solution dikhao

    AnswerFiltration (ya sieving): kanghi jaise kinare filter ki tarah kaam karte hain.

    Kanghi jaise kinaron mein patle gaps hote hain. Paani gaps se bahar nikal sakta hai, lekin shrimps itne bade hain ki nikal nahi paate, isliye chonch ke andar reh jaate hain. Yeh bilkul filter jaisa hai, jo liquid ko nikalne deta hai lekin apne pores se bade solid tukdon ko rok leta hai.

  8. Short answerMediumNCERT Exercises Q8

    Air conditioner ke indoor unit mein front cover ke peeche patli mesh screens hoti hain. Kamre ki hawa unke through andar kheenchi jaati hai. Kuch hafton baad screens grey ho jaati hain.

    1. Screen kis cheez ko kis cheez se alag karti hai?

      Solution dikhao

      AnswerYeh hawa se dhool ko alag karti hai.

      Hawa mesh ke chhote chhedon se nikal jaati hai, lekin dhool ke zyaadatar kan bahut bade hote hain aur atak jaate hain. Isliye screen hawa ke liye filter ka kaam karti hai. Grey rang usi dhool ka hai jo usne pakdi hai.

    2. Screen ko samay-samay par kyun dhona chahiye?

      Solution dikhao

      AnswerDhool chhedon ko band kar deti hai, isliye kam hawa andar aa paati hai.

      Jaise-jaise dhool jamti hai, woh mesh ke chhedon ko band kar deti hai. Kam hawa nikal paati hai, isliye machine kam thanda karti hai. Screen dhone se chhed phir khul jaate hain, bilkul waise hi jaise jami hui chai ki chhalni dhone ke baad behtar kaam karti hai.

  9. Long answerHardNCERT Exercises Q9

    Ek craft fair mein glass ke beads ka ek jar baareek ret aur cheeni ki tray mein gir gaya. Step by step likho ki tum beads, ret aur cheeni ko alag-alag kaise wapas paaoge.

    Solution dikhao

    AnswerBeads ko sieve se alag karo; cheeni gholne ke liye paani milaao; ret ko filter karke nikaalo; cheeni paane ke liye paani evaporate karo.

    1. Sookhe mixture ko sieve karo. Glass ke beads ret aur cheeni ke daano se kaafi bade hain, isliye sieve par reh jaate hain.
    2. Ret aur cheeni ko ek katori mein daalo, paani milaao aur hilao. Cheeni ghul jaati hai; ret nahi ghulti.
    3. Mixture ko kapde ya filter paper se filter karo. Ret residue ke roop mein ruk jaati hai. Use dhoop mein sukha lo.
    4. Cheeni ka solution (filtrate) ek chaudi dish mein daalo aur evaporate hone ke liye dhoop mein chhod do. Cheeni ke crystals bach jaate hain.

    Evaporation sabse aakhir mein aata hai: agar tum pehle sab kuch sukha dete, to cheeni phir se ret se chipak jaati.

  10. Short answerHardNCERT Exercises Q10

    Ek trekking camp mein Tsering ka chhota bhai Karma ek pahadi stream se gandla paani laaya. Jaldi mein usne pehle use ubaala, phir mode hue cotton dupatte se chhaana, aur turant pee liya. Paani garam tha, ab bhi thoda kirkira tha, aur bartan par grey mitti ki parat jam gayi thi.

    1. Tsering ke behtar plan ko order mein lagao.

      1. Bartan dhak do aur thanda hone do
      2. Upar ka saaf paani dheere se nikaal lo
      3. Ise chaar baar mode hue dupatte se chhaano
      4. Bartan ko bina hilaaye rakho taaki kirkiri baith jaaye
      5. Germs maarne ke liye paani ubaalo
      Answer dekho
      Answer
      1. Bartan ko bina hilaaye rakho taaki kirkiri baith jaaye
      2. Upar ka saaf paani dheere se nikaal lo
      3. Ise chaar baar mode hue dupatte se chhaano
      4. Germs maarne ke liye paani ubaalo
      5. Bartan dhak do aur thanda hone do
      Pehle baithne do, taaki zyaadatar kirkiri peeche reh jaaye. Decant karo, phir baareek tukdon ko filter karke nikaalo. Germs maarne ke liye sabse aakhir mein ubaalo, aur thanda hote waqt bartan dhakkar rakho taaki kuch andar na gire.

    2. Pehle teen steps mein se har ek mein use hue separation method ka naam batao.

      Solution dikhao

      AnswerSedimentation, decantation aur filtration.

      1. Bartan ko bina hilaaye rakhna taaki kirkiri doob jaaye: sedimentation.
      2. Upar ka saaf paani nikaalna: decantation.
      3. Use mode hue kapde se guzaarna: filtration.

    3. Paani ko pehle baithaana aur filter karna, aur sabse aakhir mein ubaalna kyun behtar hai?

      Solution dikhao

      AnswerPehle baithaane se zyaadatar kirkiri aasaani se hat jaati hai. Aakhir mein ubaalne se germs mar jaate hain, kapde se aaye germs bhi.

      Ubaalne se paani ubalta aur ghoomta raha, isliye kirkiri kabhi baithi hi nahi, aur kuch garam bartan se chipak gayi. Pehle baithaane se zyaadatar kirkiri doob jaati hai, isliye kapde ke liye pakadne ko bahut kam bachta hai. Karma ne apna ubla paani ek aise dupatte se bhi chhaana jo ubaala nahi gaya tha, isliye germs wapas aa sakte the. Aakhir mein ubaalne se woh germs mar jaate hain jinhe koi kapda nahi rok sakta, aur dhaka hua bartan thanda hote waqt paani ko saaf rakhta hai.

  11. Quick answerEasy

    Beach ki ret ke dher se iron ke chhote kaale daane nikaalne ke liye tum kaun sa method use karoge?

    Answer dekho

    Answer (A) Magnetic separation

    Magnet iron se bhare daano ko kheench leta hai aur ret chhod deta hai. Kaale daane lagbhag ret ke daano jitne bade hain, aur dono hawa ke liye bahut bhaari hain, isliye sieving aur winnowing kaam nahi karenge.
  12. Quick answerMedium

    Ek uthle salt pan mein 2000 L samundar ka paani hai. Har litre mein lagbhag 35 g salts hain. Saara paani evaporate hone par lagbhag kitne kilogram salts bachenge?

    kg
    Answer dekho

    Answer 70 kg

    2000×35 g=70000 g=70 kg.
  13. Quick answerMedium

    Decantation ke baare mein inmein se kaun se statements true hain?

    Saare sahi options chuno
    Answer dekho
    Answer
    • (A) Yeh solid ke baith jaane ke baad kiya jaata hai
    • (C) Thoda baareek solid liquid ke saath nikal sakta hai
    Hum sedimentation ke baad liquid ko dheere se upar se nikaalkar decant karte hain, aur aksar thoda baareek solid bhi nikal jaata hai. Decanting ghuli hui koi cheez nahi nikaal sakta, aur iske liye filter nahi chahiye.
  14. Quick answerHard

    Gehun ke sookhe danthalon ke gatthe ko saaf anaaj banane ke liye, jo atta pisne ke liye taiyaar ho, inhe order mein lagao.

    1. Saaf anaaj ko pisaai ke liye chakki par le jao
    2. Handpicking: bache hue chhote patthar nikaal lo
    3. Winnowing: hawa ko husk uda le jaane do
    4. Threshing: danthalon ko peeto ya raundo taaki daane dheele hokar jhad jaayein
    Answer dekho
    Answer
    1. Threshing: danthalon ko peeto ya raundo taaki daane dheele hokar jhad jaayein
    2. Winnowing: hawa ko husk uda le jaane do
    3. Handpicking: bache hue chhote patthar nikaal lo
    4. Saaf anaaj ko pisaai ke liye chakki par le jao
    Pehle daano ko danthalon se alag hona chahiye (threshing). Phir halka husk uda diya jaata hai (winnowing). Uske baad bache hue patthar haath se chun liye jaate hain. Sirf saaf anaaj hi chakki par jaata hai.

Apna NCERT exercise question dhoondo

Hamare practice questions ncert.ai ke liye likhe gaye hain aur NCERT exercises ko follow karte hain. Apni textbook ke question se match karne wala question dhoondo; uska answer uske saath hai.

Tumhari NCERT textbook meinYahan practice question
NCERT Exercises Q1Practice Q1
NCERT Exercises Q2Practice Q2
NCERT Exercises Q3Practice Q3
NCERT Exercises Q4Practice Q4
NCERT Exercises Q5Practice Q5
NCERT Exercises Q6Practice Q6
NCERT Exercises Q7Practice Q7
NCERT Exercises Q8Practice Q8
NCERT Exercises Q9Practice Q9
NCERT Exercises Q10Practice Q10

Quick check: MCQs

  1. Hum cheezon ko alag kyun karte hain?2 questions
  2. Handpicking3 questions
  3. Threshing2 questions
  4. Winnowing3 questions
  5. Sieving3 questions
  6. Evaporation2 questions
  7. Evaporation3 questions
  8. Sedimentation aur decantation3 questions
  9. Filtration2 questions
  10. Filtration3 questions
  11. Churning3 questions
  12. Magnetic separation3 questions
  13. Methods chunna aur jodna3 questions
Glossary · 15

Key terms (English + Hindi)

churningमंथनmanthan
Kisi liquid ko tezi se ghumaana ya hilaana taaki uska halka hissa ikattha hokar alag ho jaaye, jaise dahi se makhan.
decantationनिस्तारणnistaaran
Liquid ko dheere se upar se nikaal dena aur baithe hue solid ko peeche chhod dena.Chapter mein pehli baar yahan aaya →
dissolveघुलनाghulna
Liquid mein itne chhote tukdon mein fail jaana ki dikhein hi nahi, jaise paani mein namak. Jo solid nahi ghulta use insoluble kehte hain.Chapter mein pehli baar yahan aaya →
evaporationवाष्पनvaashpan
Kisi liquid ka dheere-dheere vapour bankar hawa mein nikal jaana, aur usmein ghuli har cheez ko peeche chhod dena.Chapter mein pehli baar yahan aaya →
filtrateनिस्यंदnisyand
Woh liquid jo filter ke aar-paar nikal chuka hai.Chapter mein pehli baar yahan aaya →
filtrationनिस्यंदनnisyandan
Mixture ko bahut chhote pores wale material se guzaarna, jo liquid ko nikalne deta hai aur solid tukdon ko rok leta hai.Chapter mein pehli baar yahan aaya →
handpickingहस्त चयनhast chayan
Mixture ke woh tukde ungliyon se nikaalna jo size, rang ya shape mein alag dikhte hain.Chapter mein pehli baar yahan aaya →
huskभूसीbhoosi
Chawal ya gehun jaise anaaj ke daane ke chaaron taraf ka sookha, kaagaz jaisa khol.Chapter mein pehli baar yahan aaya →
magnetic separationचुंबकीय पृथक्करणchumbakiya prithakkaran
Magnet se mixture mein se iron aur steel ki cheezein kheenchkar nikaalna.Chapter mein pehli baar yahan aaya →
mixtureमिश्रणmishran
Do ya zyada alag-alag cheezein jo aapas mein mili hon, aur har ek apna nature banaye rakhe.Chapter mein pehli baar yahan aaya →
residueअवशेषavshesh
Filter par bacha hua solid.Chapter mein pehli baar yahan aaya →
sedimentationअवसादनavsaadan
Liquid ko bina hilaaye chhodne par na ghulne wale bhaari tukdon ka jar ya talaab ki tali mein baith jaana. Baithi hui layer sediment hai.Chapter mein pehli baar yahan aaya →
sievingचालनchaalan
Sookhe tukdon ko chhedon wali mesh par hilaakar size ke hisaab se alag karna.Chapter mein pehli baar yahan aaya →
threshingगहाईgahai
Sookhe danthalon ko peetna ya raundna taaki daane dheele hokar jhad jaayein.Chapter mein pehli baar yahan aaya →
winnowingनिष्पावनnishpavan
Hawa ya fan se mixture ke halke hisse, jaise husk, ko bhaari anaaj se door uda dena.Chapter mein pehli baar yahan aaya →

Tum chapter ke end tak pahunch gaye