Vitamin-M: Class 9 English Chapter 4 Hinglish mein

4.1 Padhne se pehle: ghar par budhaapa

Us sabse bade-buzurg insaan ke baare mein socho jise tum achhi tarah jaante ho: koi grandparent, koi padosi, ya woh retired teacher jo aaj bhi har subah paidal market jaate hain. Unke liye roz ke kaun se kaam mushkil ho gaye hain, aur kaun se kaam woh kabhi chhodna nahi chahenge? Is unit ki story bilkul isi kheenchtaan ke baare mein hai: ek taraf madad ki zaroorat, doosri taraf apni zindagi khud sambhaalne ki chaah.

Apne notes partner ke notes se milao. Tum kamzor aankhein ya kaan, dard karte jod, girne ka darr, dawaiyan bhool jaana, akelapan, ya bas family ke faislon mein shaamil na kiya jaana jaisi baatein likh sakte ho. Phir aise solutions par baat karo jo kisi buzurg ko safe aur respected, dono rakhein.

4.2 Vitamin-M: story, ek-ek part karke

Har part pehle apni textbook mein padho. Phir yahan ki summary aur notes se check karo ki tumne har event samjha hai. Story third person mein kahi gayi hai, zyadatar Ravi ki nazar se, aur yeh teen parts mein bati hai.

• Grandpa: 75 saal ke retired lawyer, Ravi ki mother ke father, jo haal hi mein city mein rehne aaye hain.
• Vidya: Ravi ki mother, jo kaam par jaati hain aur apne father ki fikr karti hain.
• Ravi: unka beta, jiski school ki chhuttiyan abhi shuru hui hain.
• Ravi ke father: sirf end mein aate hain; aam taur par wahi Grandpa ke liye unka Tamil newspaper laate hain.

Setting: ek bheed-bhaad wale Indian city mein ek chhota flat, aur uske aas-paas ki sadkein (ek park, ek tea stall, ek barber ki dukaan aur ek bus stop), Ravi ki chhuttiyon ke pehle din.

4.2.1 Part I: City mein Grandpa

Story ki shuruaat mein Ravi ki mother apne father ki tablets chhaant rahi hain aur zor se kehti hain ki kaash koi buzurgon ke liye memory ka ek vitamin invent kar de, jise woh Vitamin-M naam deti hain. Ravi unhe chup karata hai, kahin Grandpa sun na lein. Unhe pakka yakeen hai ki Grandpa ke kaan, aankhein aur memory, sab kamzor ho rahe hain, aur unhe raahat hai ki Ravi ki chhuttiyan shuru ho gayi hain, taaki ghar par koi unke saath rahe.

Jaldi hi humein pata chalta hai ki woh itni pareshaan kyun hain. Grandpa sirf ek mahina pehle family ke saath rehne aaye hain. Tab se woh galti se apni dawaiyan do baar kha chuke hain, jiski wajah se hospital jaana pada, aur ek baar walk ke baad ghar ka raasta bhool gaye. Akele bahar jaane se roka jaana unke pride ko chubh gaya. Das saal se widower hote hue unhone khud khaana banaya, shopping ki aur ghar sambhala, aur unhe bura lagta hai ki unhe bheed-bhaad wale city ke ek tang flat mein le aaya gaya.

Grandpa ab bhi town wale apne chhote se brick house ke sapne dekhte hain, jahan mango tree hai aur shaam ka sukoon. Lekin wahi ghar unke wahan se aane ki wajah bhi hai. Ek shaam woh garden mein phisal gaye aur subah tak bebas pade rahe, kyunki woh akele rehte the aur khud uth nahi paaye. Iske baad Vidya ne ghar par taala lagaya aur apne frail father ko apne saath rehne le aayin.

Kaam par jaane se pehle Vidya Ravi ko order deti hain ki Grandpa ko kabhi akele bahar mat jaane dena, aur samjhati hain ki lunch ke baad kaun si dawaiyan deni hain. Jab bhi woh apne father se baat karti hain, unki awaaz zor ki aur dheemi ho jaati hai, jaise log kisi chhote bachche se baat karte hain. Grandpa ki taraf se Ravi sharm se wince karta hai, lekin Grandpa bas apni rocking chair par jhoolte rehte hain.

Ravi ke saath akele hote hi Grandpa ka ek alag roop dikhta hai. Woh ek shaant, chaalaak chess player hain jinhe world champions ke beech ke famous games yaad hain, haalaanki padosiyon ke naam aksar bhool jaate hain. Khelne ke bajaye woh announce karte hain ki woh corner shop se apna Tamil newspaper laane jaa rahe hain. Jab Ravi khud jaane ki offer karta hai, to Grandpa poochte hain ki kya Vidya ne Ravi se kaha hai ki unhe ek chhote bachche ki tarah band karke rakhe. Ravi apni mother ki side leta hai aur mana kar deta hai, aur Grandpa usi inkaar ko chaalaaki se uske khilaaf palat dete hain: agar aisa hai, to Ravi ko unke bahar jaane par koi aitraaz nahi ho sakta.

Grandpa apni chamakti kaali walking stick lekar nikalte hain, jiska brass handle eagle ke sir jaisa tarasha gaya hai, aur saath mein unki chamakdaar peeli cap. Ravi ek dilemma mein phans jaata hai. Agar woh saath jaane ki zid kare, to Grandpa ko bura lagega; agar unhe akele jaane de, to mother bahut gussa hongi. Woh tay karta hai ki safe doori rakh kar, bina dikhe, unke peeche jaayega.

4.2.2 Part II: Ravi ban gaya detective

Jab tak Ravi sadak par pahunchta hai, peeli cap ek mod par mud rahi hoti hai, aur peechha shuru ho jaata hai. Pehle Grandpa bachchon ke park jaate hain, jahan woh ek bench par baith kar moongphali khaate hain aur bachchon ke khel enjoy karte hain. Ravi haathi ki shape mein kati ek jhaadi ke peeche dubak jaata hai. Ek chhota bachcha ise hide-and-seek ka khel samajhta hai aur madad karne ki koshish karta hai. Ravi use chup karata hai, bachche ki mother chhaata uthaye gusse mein aa jaati hai, aur Ravi kamar jhuka kar, bench se jhaadi tak sarakte hue bhaag nikalta hai.

Phir Grandpa ek tea stall par rukte hain. Ravi ek banyan tree ke peeche chhupta hai, lekin uske neeche kanghi aur ribbon bechne wali auratein use koi rival vendor ya jasoos samajh leti hain, aur bahut zor-zor se bolte hue use gher leti hain. Woh peeche hat kar ek parked car ke peeche chala jaata hai. Wahan se woh dekhta hai ki Grandpa meethi chai, do kele aur ek ice cream ka mazaa le rahe hain, aur yeh sab cheezein unhe ghar par allowed nahi hain.

Phir Grandpa ek busy sadak ke aar-paar tedhe-medhe chalte hue nikalte hain, brakes cheekhte hain aur Ravi kas kar aankhein band kar leta hai. Woh ek barber ki dukaan mein jaate hain, jo ajeeb hai, kyunki unke sir par ek bhi baal nahi hai. Nazar rakhne ke liye Ravi bagal wali dukaan mein ghus jaata hai, lekin woh ladies beauty parlour nikalta hai, aur cheekhti customers use bahar nikaal deti hain.

Bahar aakar Ravi dekhta hai ki peeli cap jaldi-jaldi bus stop ki taraf jaa rahi hai aur ek bus mein chadh rahi hai. Woh uske peeche bhaagta hai aur bus chalte-chalte kisi tarah andar chadh jaata hai. Ghutan bhari bus mein jab cap utarti hai, to Ravi ko neeche ghane grey baal dikhte hain. Cap pehenne wala koi ajnabi hai, Grandpa ki tarah safed kapdon mein, aur cap par Grandpa ka purana coffee ka daag bhi hai. Woh aadmi batata hai ki barber ki dukaan par ek dildaar buzurg ne garmi ki wajah se zabardasti yeh cap use de di. Yeh bilkul waisa hi kaam hai jo naram dil wale Grandpa karte. To phir woh gaye kahan?

4.2.3 Part III: wapas ghar, aur ek surprise

Ravi barber ki dukaan aur park mein phir se dhoondhta hai, lekin Grandpa kahin nahi dikhte. Ek telephone booth se woh apni mother ke office phone karta hai, phir father ke, lekin dono numbers engaged hain. Ghabraya hua woh thake kadmon se ghar lautta hai. Darwaza kholte hi Grandpa ke kamre se halke kharraaton ki awaaz aati hai: Grandpa khud hi raasta dhoondh kar laut aaye hain.

Raahat aur pyaar se bhar kar Ravi bed ke paas ghutnon ke bal baith jaata hai, apna chehra Grandpa ke jhurriyon wale gaal se lagaata hai, eucalyptus balm aur shaving cream ki khushboo leta hai, aur unhe gale lagaata hai. Woh apne sawaal apne paas hi rakhta hai, kyunki poochne se uski secret subah ka raaz khul jaata.

Jab Vidya ghar aati hain aur poochti hain ki din kaisa raha, to Grandpa aaraam se batate hain ki unki subah to shaanti se beeti, lekin Ravi ghayab ho gaya jab use duty par hona chahiye tha. Ravi ki bolti band ho jaati hai. Phir Grandpa Ravi ko ek wrapped present dete hain. Vidya thodi be-sabri se apne father ko yaad dilaati hain ki Ravi ka birthday to kab ka nikal gaya, aur poochti hain ki kya woh bhool gaye. Grandpa unhe yaad dilaate hain ki woh hamesha apne birthday par family ke har bachche ko gift dete hain, aur poochte hain ki kya woh bhool gayi. Vidya sharm se laal ho jaati hain: unhone khud apne calendar par woh date gol ki thi. Grandpa ne Vidya aur unke husband ke liye bhi presents wrap kiye hain; unke liye woh ab bhi unke chhote bachche hain.

Phir Grandpa Ravi ke father se kehte hain ki unki beti ko thoda Vitamin-M chahiye. Ravi present kholta hai to usmein detective stories ka ek mota collection hai. Bilkul seedha chehra banaye Grandpa kehte hain ki isse use ek-do trick seekhne ko mil sakti hain, jaise kisi ka peechha karte waqt bewakoof na banna. Ravi ke father, pehle se bhi zyada uljhe hue, sochte hain ki Ravi detection mein career banane ka plan to nahi kar raha hoga. Ravi kehta hai ki woh abhi soch raha hai. Asal mein woh yeh samajhne ki koshish kar raha hai ki Grandpa ki aankhein masoomiyat se chamak rahi hain ya shararat se.

Ending ka matlab. Story kabhi seedhe nahi kehti ki Grandpa ko pata tha ki koi unka peechha kar raha hai, lekin clues jodne par baat saaf ho jaati hai (Fig. 4.4). Unka yeh kehna ki Ravi ghayab ho gaya, detective book ka chunaav, aur bewakoof na banne wali tip, sab dikhate hain ki unhone Ravi ko jaldi dekh liya tha aur use mazedaar tareeke se idhar-udhar ghuma kar mazaa liya, shayad apni cap bhi jaan-boojh kar di. Open ending reader ko khud faisla karne deti hai, bilkul waise hi jaise Ravi ko karna padta hai.

Aakhri irony yeh hai ki bhoolne wala insaan Grandpa hai hi nahi. Woh to beti hai, jisne buzurgon ke liye memory pills ki khwaahish ki thi, aur jo apne hi father ka birthday bhool gayi.

4.3 Characters, themes aur message

Is story par exam questions aksar kisi character ko describe karne ya text se koi point prove karne ko kehte hain. Sabse safe tareeka hai trait + event + what it shows: quality ka naam lo, us moment ki taraf ishaara karo jo use dikhata hai, aur ek sentence mein link samjhao.

Themes (bade ideas) jin par tum likh sakte ho:

• Buzurgon ki respect. Budhaape mein aankhein kamzor aur kadam dheeme ho sakte hain, lekin isse insaan ki samajh, pride ya apne faisle khud lene ka haq nahi chhinta.
• Care versus control. Vidya ki care pyaar se aati hai, lekin woh control mein badal jaati hai. Ravi beech ka raasta nikaalta hai: woh Grandpa ko freedom deta hai aur chupchaap unhe safe bhi rakhta hai.
• Yaad rakhna aur bhoolna. Har koi kuch na kuch bhoolta hai. Jo insaan buzurgon ki memory ka mazaak udaata hai, wahi bhulakkad nikalta hai.
• Peedhiyon ke beech ka rishta. Chess, ek peechha aur ek saanjha raaz Grandpa aur Ravi ko aur kareeb le aate hain.

Title. Vitamin-M shuru mein Vidya ki aadhi-mazaak wali khwaahish hai, buzurgon ke liye ek memory pill. End tak Grandpa woh mazaak unhi ko lauta dete hain: zaroorat to unhe hai. Is tarah title seedhe story ki central irony ki taraf ishaara karta hai, aur uske naram message ki taraf ki humein logon ko unki umar se judge nahi karna chahiye.

4.4 Story se vocabulary aur grammar

Story ke language work mein lively verbs, word study, prepositions, do tarah ke questions, aur questions ko indirect speech mein report karna shaamil hai. Neeche har part mein rule, examples aur ek chhota check hai.

4.4.1 Movement aur sound ke words

Writers sahi-sahi verbs chun kar scene ko zinda bana dete hain. Part II mein Asha Nehemiah shayad hi kabhi walked ya said se kaam chalati hain. Unke characters creep, duck aur sprint karte hain, aur awaazein boom karti hain. Kuch verbs batate hain koi kaise move karta hai; kuch batate hain hum kya sunte hain.

Ek word dono groups mein aa sakta hai. Bustle busy movement aur usse hone wale shor, dono ka naam hai, aur jo car screech karke rukti hai, woh move bhi kar rahi hai aur awaaz bhi kar rahi hai. Sentence dekh kar tay karo.

4.4.2 Word study: meanings, synonyms aur antonyms

Synonym ka matlab kisi word ke lagbhag barabar hota hai; antonym ka matlab ulta hota hai. Ek achhi dictionary part of speech bhi batati hai, jisse pata chalta hai ki word sentence mein kaise kaam karta hai. Yahan story ke chhe kaam ke words hain.

4.4.3 Prepositions

Story dobara padhte hue prepositions pehchaano: Grandpa settles on a bench, Ravi peers through the windows of a parked car, aur baad mein he leaps on to a bus before it pulls away. Prepositions chaar common sawaalon ka jawaab dete hain:

• Kahan? (place): in, on, at, under, behind, beside, between, among, near
• Kis taraf? (direction ya movement): to, into, towards, across, through, along, over, past
• Kab? (time): at six o'clock, on Monday, in June, before lunch, during the holidays, since 2020, for two hours
• Kaise? (manner ya means): by bus, with a stick, in a hurry, like a detective

In pairs par dhyaan do: between do logon ya cheezon ke liye hai, among do se zyada ke liye. Beside ka matlab hai bagal mein, jabki besides ka matlab hai iske alawa. Into bahar se andar ki movement dikhata hai, jabki in position dikhata hai.

4.4.4 Questions poochhna: do tarah ke interrogative sentences

English mein zyadatar questions do families mein se kisi ek ke hote hain. Pehla word dekho.

Story mein dono tarah ke questions hain. Ravi ka game ka offer, chhote ladke ka hide-and-seek wala sawaal aur Vidya ki memory ke baare mein Grandpa ka sawaal Yes/No questions hain; gussa mother ka yeh poochhna ki Ravi kaun hai, aur din ke baare mein Vidya ka shaam wala sawaal Wh- questions hain.

4.4.5 Questions report karna: direct se indirect speech

Jab hum kisi ke exact words quotation marks ke andar dohraate hain, to hum direct speech use karte hain. Jab hum unki baat apne sentence mein aage pahunchaate hain, aksar baad mein, to hum indirect (reported) speech use karte hain. Question report karne ke liye:

1. asked, enquired ya wanted to know jaisa reporting verb use karo.
2. Yes/No question ke liye if ya whether jodo. Wh- question mein question word (where, why, how …) rehne do.
3. Question ko statement bana do: subject verb se pehle, do/does/did helper nahi, aur question mark ki jagah full stop.
4. Pronouns ko report karne wale ke hisaab se badlo (you ban sakta hai I, he ya she).
5. Agar reporting verb past mein hai, to har tense ko ek step peeche le jao aur time aur place ke words badlo.

• Neha asked her grandmother, “Do you take sugar in your tea?” → Neha asked her grandmother whether she took sugar in her tea.
• The doctor asked Dadaji, “Where does it hurt?” → The doctor asked Dadaji where it hurt.
• Agar reporting verb present mein ho (asks, wants to know), to tense nahi badalta: Riya asks, “Is the shop open?” → Riya asks if the shop is open.

4.5 Listening, speaking aur writing

4.5.1 Listening: meditation par ek chhota talk

Class mein tumhare teacher meditation par ek chhota podcast chalayenge. Ghar par yahi skill practise karne ke liye, family ke kisi member ya dost se kaho ki neeche wala box khol kar talk ek baar normal speed mein padh kar sunaaye, jabki tum box band rakho. Phir har blank mein teen se zyada words use kiye bina notes poore karo.

4.5.2 Speaking: question ki tune

Wahi words polite, confused ya pakke lag sakte hain, yeh unki tune par depend karta hai. Awaaz ke upar-neeche jaane wali is tune ko intonation kehte hain. Questions kuch common patterns follow karte hain.

• Wh- questions aam taur par end mein fall karte hain: What time does the train leave? ↘
• Yes/No questions aam taur par rise karte hain: Is the shop open? ↗
• Question tags, jab tum kaafi sure ho aur agreement expect karte ho, tag par fall karte hain: You're Ravi's friend, aren't you? ↘
• Question tags jo sach mein poochhte hain, kyunki tum sure nahi ho, tag par rise karte hain: You haven't seen my keys, have you? ↗
• Choice questions pehli choice par rise aur aakhri par fall karte hain: Shall we walk ↗ or take a rickshaw ↘?

Pairs mein practice karo. Story se chhe questions chuno, kuch Grandpa ke poochhe hue, kuch Ravi ki mother ke aur kuch un logon ke jo Ravi ko milte hain, aur har ek ko sahi tune ke saath zor se bolo. Tumhara partner batayega ki tum sure, curious ya chidhe hue lage.

4.5.3 Speaking: kisi buzurg ki care par ek chhota talk

4.5.4 Writing: school magazine ke liye ek article

Article bahut se readers ke saath information aur opinion share karta hai. Ismein ek catchy title, writer ka naam aur achhi tarah plan kiye paragraphs hote hain.

• Sabse upar title; uske theek neeche tumhara naam aur class.
• Paragraph 1, introduction: main idea do ya teen lines mein batao, bina details ke.
• Paragraph 2, body: idea ko examples, facts ya ek chhote quotation se support karo.
• Paragraph 3, body: dikhao ki buzurgon ne mushkilon ko kaise paar kiya, aur isse tumhe kaise inspiration milti hai.
• Paragraph 4, conclusion: saar batao aur aise thought par khatam karo jo reader ke saath reh jaaye.
• Style: lagbhag 150 se 200 words; formal lekin apnapan bhara; slang nahi.

4.6 Story se aage

4.7 I Cannot Remember My Mother: padhne se pehle

Unit ka doosra text ek chhoti poem hai jo ek alag tarah ki yaad ke baare mein hai. Iska speaker apni mother ko itni jaldi kho baitha ki uske paas unki koi tasveer nahi hai, phir bhi woh uski zindagi se gayab nahi hui hain.

4.8 Poem padhna, stanza by stanza

Pehle poem apni textbook mein padho, ho sake to zor se. Ismein teen chhote stanzas hain aur koi rhyme nahi hai. Har stanza ek hi line se shuru hota hai, “I cannot remember my mother”, aur phir only ya but jaise chhote word ke saath kisi aisi cheez ki taraf mudta hai jise speaker ab bhi mehsoos kar sakta hai.

4.8.1 Stanza 1: khilonon ke beech ek tune

Kya hota hai: speaker, jo abhi bachcha hai, ke paas apni mother ki koi tasveer nahi hai, phir bhi jab woh apne khel mein khoya hota hai, to kabhi-kabhi ek aadhi yaad wali dhun laut aati hai. Iska matlab: yeh dhun uske bachpan ki lori hai, us waqt ki jab woh tasveerein yaad nahi rakh sakta tha, isliye yeh yaad sound ki hai, sight ki nahi (auditory imagery). Yeh bina bulaaye aati hai, aur poet kehta hai ki aisa “only sometimes” hota hai, jo dikhata hai ki yeh yaad kitni dhundhli aur keemti hai. Apne sabse befikr palon mein bhi mother chupchaap uski duniya ka hissa hain.

4.8.2 Stanza 2: autumn ki subah ki khushboo

Kya hota hai: autumn ki shuruaati subahon mein shiuli ke phoolon ki khushboo mandir ki subah ki pooja ki mehak se mil jaati hai, aur speaker is mel ko apni mother ki apni khushboo ki tarah mehsoos karta hai. Iska matlab: yeh yaad smell se kaam karti hai (olfactory imagery). Shiuli, yaani orange centre wale chhote safed phool jo raat mein khilte hain aur subah tak gir jaate hain, aur mandir ki prayers, dono pavitrata, komalta aur bhakti ka ehsaas dilaate hain, isliye woh apni mother ko lagbhag pavitra maanta hai. Kyunki autumn har saal laut kar aata hai, mother ka yeh ehsaas bhi laut aata hai.

4.8.3 Stanza 3: aasmaan jitni badi nazar

Kya hota hai: apne bedroom ki khidki se door ke neele aasmaan ko dekhte hue speaker ko uski shaanti mein woh ek-tak, pyaar bhari nazar mehsoos hoti hai jo kabhi mother ne us par daali thi, aur jo ab poore aasmaan par phail gayi hai. Iska matlab: yeh poem ki sabse badi image hai, visual bhi aur metaphor bhi. Aasmaan vishaal, shaant aur hamesha sir ke upar hota hai, isliye mother ka pyaar use har jagah ghere aur bachaata hua lagta hai. Poem dukh par nahi, balki shaant sukoon par khatam hoti hai.

4.8.4 Poetic devices

Tagore simple words use karte hain, lekin kuch poetic devices har line ko shape dete hain. Har device ko uske naam aur poem ke ek example ke saath seekho.

• Refrain: har stanza ki pehli line dohraayi jaati hai. Yeh ek dheemi, steady drumbeat ki tarah laut kar aati hai aur humein kami ki yaad dilaati hai, jabki har stanza ek naya tareeka dhoondhta hai jisme mother maujood hain.
• Alliteration: paas-paas ke words mein ek hi pehli consonant sound, jaise “my mother” aur “some song”.
• Onomatopoeia: aisa word jo apne matlab jaisa sunaai deta hai. Hum band honthon se gaane ki dheemi awaaz ki nakal karta hai.
• Imagery: senses ke liye words se bani tasveerein: khilonon ke upar tune (hearing), shiuli aur mandir ki khushboo (smell), aur door ka neela aasmaan (sight).
• Metaphor: mother ki shaant nazar khud aasmaan ban jaati hai, jo bachche ke upar phaila hai.
• Free verse: koi rhyme scheme nahi aur koi fixed beat nahi. Phir bhi poem apne refrain, dohraayi awaazon aur shaant, prayer jaise rhythm se kaanon ko achhi lagti hai.

4.8.5 Mood, tone aur title

Tone: tender, wistful aur calm. Speaker ko dukh hai ki use apni mother yaad nahi, lekin woh shikaayat nahi karta, rota nahi. Woh mother ke chhote-chhote nishaan shaant gratitude ke saath sametta hai, isliye tone kami se sukoon aur shaanti ki taraf badhta hai.

Title aur mood: title ek kami batata hai, isliye hum dukh expect karte hain. Phir poem humein surprise karti hai: jise hum yaad nahi kar sakte, woh bhi hamare senses mein zinda reh sakta hai. Bhoolne aur mehsoos karne ke beech ka yeh tanaav poem ko uska naram, nostalgic mood deta hai.

Message: pyaar memory se bhi gehre nishaan chhodta hai. Details dhundhli hone ke bahut baad bhi mother ki care awaazon, khushbuon aur nazaaron mein zinda rehti hai. Story ke saath link par dhyaan do: dono texts poochhte hain ki memory asal mein kya hai.

4.9 Vocabulary: senses ke words

Poem dikhati hai ki kuch sensory words kitna kuch kar sakte hain: woh reader ko kisi scene ko dekhne, sunne, soonghne, chhoone ya chakhne dete hain. Inhe sense ke hisaab se group karne se likhte waqt sahi word chunne mein madad milti hai.

• Visual (sight): glittering, misty, scarlet, towering, dim
• Auditory (hearing): crackle, murmur, clang, shrill, buzz
• Olfactory (smell): fragrant, musty, smoky, aroma, rotten
• Tactile (touch): silky, prickly, damp, icy, rough
• Gustatory (taste): tangy, bitter, sugary, salty, spicy

Kai words ek se zyada sense mein fit hote hain. Sharp kisi taste, smell, sound ya chaaku ki dhaar ko describe kar sakta hai, aur fresh bread, hawa ya breeze ko. Sentence dekh kar tay karo.

4.10 Listening, speaking aur writing

4.10.1 Listening: bachpan ki chaar yaadein

Class mein tum chaar logon ko apne bachpan ke baare mein bolte sunoge. Ghar par practice ke liye, partner se kaho ki box ke chaar chhote talks ek-ek karke zor se padhe, jabki tum box band rakho. Phir har statement ko uske speaker se match karo. Do statements kisi par fit nahi hote.

4.10.2 Speaking: ek yaad jo maayne rakhti hai

4.10.3 Writing: ek diary entry

Diary entry ek personal record hai ki kya hua aur tumhe us baare mein kaisa laga, aksar usi din likha jaata hai. Iska format simple hai:

• Sabse upar day, date aur time.
• Dear Diary jaisa greeting, chaho to.
• First person (I, my, we), zyadatar past tense mein.
• Sensory details: tumne kya dekha, suna, soongha, chakha aur chhuaa.
• Feelings, sirf facts nahi; un palon par focus karo jo sabse zyada maayne rakhte the.
• Ek closing reflection, phir tumhara naam ya initial.
• Lagbhag 120 se 150 words.

4.11 Poem se aage

Poem ki shiuli un kai Indian phoolon mein se ek hai jinki apni kahani hai. Inse ek class chart shuru karo aur apne state ke aur phool jodo.